The Study Of Depression And Its Influencing Factors Of Part Of Endowment Crowd In Jinan Urban Community

BackgroundWith the dramatic increase of aging population, Jinan City has stepped into aging society. According to statistics, the number of people aged 60 and over is 100 million, which reached 15.7 percent of the total population, and an average annual growth rate is 3.2 percent. Experts predict that by around 2030, Jinan City, the proportion of the aging population will reach more than 30 percent in total population, And presents a much older (80 years old and above) trend. The accelerated aging process has brought heavy endowment pressure to social and family.Material to show, most old man in our city were provided daily life care and spiritual comfort by there family, children are the main staff.With the shrinking family size, a couple usually need to take care of several elderly, lending to children can not meet the needs of older persons in the energy and time. Influenced by traditional endowment idea, the old man hope children can service them everything they want, resulting in children under increasing endowment pressure.In real life, children not only to care for the elderly and Meet their needs, but also to deal with a variety of questions of their own work and life issues. Under the long period of such pressure, children are susceptible to psychological problems, which will affect the ability to care for the elderly. The researchers found that some psychological problems such as caregivers are universal existence in depression, anxiety, negative emotions, self-evaluation and stress are prevalence in caregivers, depression psychology is especially serious. In other countries, caregivers' mental health problems resulted from the endowment were respected, In our country, very few people take attention to the psychological damage of caregivers of the elderly. As a huge group, the mental problems of caregivers appeared in the process of caring old people should be paid sufficient attention, which can improve caregivers' quality of life and the ability of care for the elderly. So, explore the depression symptoms and its risk factors of caregivers will help us to take effective interventions. Meanwhile, using structural equation model to analyze influences of mental health status among the family caregivers of elderly and the relationship between latent variables; discussing the acceptance of this method in reaching psychology of elder-caregivers. We hope in this way to improve the mental health of endowment children.Objectives1. Investigate the prevalence of depression among family elderly-caregivers. Analyze the degree of depression of endowment crowed with different trait.2. Clarify the main influcing factors of depression of elderly-caregivers and analyze the interaction between these factors.3. Try to establish the structural equation model of caregivers' depression, which will provide reference to exert effective intervention on endowment crowed and improve the level of their mental health.MethodsAccording to estimate depressive symptoms in endowment crowed for calculating the survey size, we need 510 cases. Using convenience sampling to select people aged 40 years old and over in two community, who has the old to support in Jinan. Adopt Self-Rating Depression Scale and a self-designed questionnaire of basic situation to investigate family caregivers. Describe the basic information of responders and research the incidence of depression in endowment children with different characters. By Cumulative logit model, we analyzed the influencing factors of the severity of the depression in family elderly-caregivers.Results1. The depression score of caregivers is significantly higher than the national norm, which has significant difference (P<0.01).268 people have depressive symptoms, accounted for 36.8 percent of all 728 people. There are 159 people with minor depression, accounting for 21.84 percent; 83 pearson with moderate depression symptom, accounting for 11.40 percent; 26 person with severe depression symptoms, accounting for 3.57 percent.2. Atα=0.05 level, there is finally eight variables retained in the cumulative logit model. The risk factors include the number of disease of endowment children(OR=2.147), introverted endowment children(OR=1.824), the burden brought by spouses and children (OR=1.275), affected by negative life events (OR=1.567), the degree of endowment burden(OR= 5.134), lived with the elderly (OR=2.519), the age of the old (OR=3.509), the high cultural of the old(OR=1.644), and the high economic level(OR=2.748).3. There were positive interactions between the number of disease of endowment children and the degree of endowment burden(S=4.126), the number of disease of endowment children and lived with the old(S=2.301), lived with the old and the age of the old(S=1.709), the education degree of the old and endowment children's endowment burden(S=1.278).4. The evaluation index of structural equation model of family caregivers' depression was as follows:GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.87, RMSEA=0.057, RMP=0.001, CFI=0.87. The model indicated that the number of endowment children's diseases, character, work pressure, the degree of endowment burden, the burden brought by spouse and children, infected by negative events recently, and the age of the old, the standard of culture, economy capacity, the ratio of the old dwell with their spouses.The results are basically the same with the cumulative logit model.Conclusions1. The depressive symptoms in family caregivers are mainly mild to moderate degree, the proportion of major depression is smaller. The prevalence of depression should be concerned in having endowment burden children.2. In endowment process, children who with quantity diseases, introverted character, high working pressure, heavy endowment burden brought by the old and their spouse or children, affected by negative life events, lived with the old, and the old with high age, high culture level and high economic level will performance more serious depression symptoms. The relevant results should be based on the investigation. We should take effective intervention and seek effective endowment way, which can satisfy needs of the old and ease caregivers' endowment burden, so as to improve the level of mental health in community endowment crowd. 3. The building of structural equation model becomes the first family endowment caregivers' depression research exploration, and it shows the interaction between its influencing factors. The risk assessment score model for screening high-risk population of depression had certain practical value which might be used in the population prevention and intervention of depression in endowment. However, the source of data is some limited, extrapolating of this model has certain limitations which should be further verified and improved.