Morphology Tunable Evaporation Mode And Pinning Force And Skin Impedance Decrease: Using Metallic And Laser Needles

CHAPTER 1:It is well known that three modes are existed in the process of water droplets evaporating on a solid substrate:the constant contact radius mode, the constant contact angle mode and the mixed mode. A lot of efforts have been made to explain these observed phenomena since they were reported in 1977. However, the mechanism of these modes and their transition are still in dispute. Besides, few attempts have been made to discover the relation between the surface morphology and the evaporation modes.In this work, pinning force is introduced and formulated to establish a model, giving a quantitative explanation to the evaporation modes and their transitions. The effect of surface morphology on the pinning force is discussed using our experiments of water droplets evaporating and contact line receding on the surfaces covered by PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) spherical cap arrays with gradually increased height.CHAPTER 2:As is well known, acupoints have distinguishing electric properties than normal points, such as low impedance of electricity and high transmittance of infrared ray. The effects of acupuncture to those properties are, however, still in a mess. In this paper, the effect of both needle acupuncture and laser stimulation on skin impedance was studied on 12 healthy volunteers (mean age 25 years,9 males and 3 females). The study shows that both sensitive needle acupuncture and feelingless laser stimulation on acupoints can lead to a significant decrease of skin impedance. Further, it is confirmed that the conductivity of stratum corneum plays an important role in this process.