| Both the economic benefits of forest resources, but also has ecological benefits, and ecological benefits outweigh the economic benefits. Forest resources for economic and social development is fundamental to human survival, development premise.Forest as a regional ecological resources on one of the most important in human survival, development history, playing an irreplaceable role. As social and economic development, people's understanding of forests and more broad and clear. Purely from a single to the forest as a gradual transition to natural resources, forests as a complete ecosystem. Through the implementation of the national classification of forest management practices, specifically forest and forests into commercial forests, and its purpose is to promote the ecological forest construction is a better ecological functions of forests have to play utility. Forest ecological compensation system is in the context of this set. The newly revised "Forest Law" to clearly reflect the provisions of the existence of this system.A long time, and local governments do not fully understand the value of ecological benefits of forest resources and characteristics, has been in use administrative means to resolve the protection of nature conservation or ecological thought, did not fully consider the interests and needs of different subjects. Low-cost development of resources to less developed regions in western China has undertaken a large number of environmental costs of economic growth, economic development has been a great constraint. However, due to the lack of ecological protection of the economic incentives are not properly compensated, and dampen the enthusiasm of the protection of ecological and objective to increase the western and eastern regions, and between urban and rural development imbalance between upstream and downstream.The problem is not solved, it will affect people's enthusiasm for protecting the ecological environment, China and the Xinjiang Ecological Security will become increasingly serious. To solve these problems, we need to clearly and quantify the value of eco-efficiency services, to establish the main environmental benefits related to adjustment of the distribution of benefits between its economic mechanisms, incentives to protect the ecological environment to develop policy and legal acts to promote the distribution of social wealth Green Process.However, China's current forest ecological compensation system still in its infancy, the related compensation system design, there are still the main stenosis, a single compensation standard, compensation is not scientific, compensation funds are not in place regulatory and other issues. Most of the country including Xinjiang provinces in the forest ecological compensation system in the building, there are also many deficiencies. Therefore, ecological compensation system for a comprehensive system of carding, found problems, put forward a sound proposal, and the country's Xinjiang Ecological Compensation System to provide a theoretical reference, has important practical significance.This thesis is divided into four parts:The first part introduces the theoretical basis of forest ecological benefit compensation. From economics, ecology angles, the analysis of forest ecological benefits, ecological benefits of forests to define the concept of compensation. Under the law to pursue the value of fairness and justice, with the purpose of compensation for ecological benefits, I believe that ecological compensation can be defined as: ecological resources in order to strengthen self-regulation to ease the disruption of ecological systems, the state, society, resources and users and Other eco-efficiency to benefit the individual providers for the costs of the interests of appropriate compensation, to promote the ecological resources of the building, cultivation, protection and management. Forest ecological benefit compensation means: Forest resources in order to strengthen self-regulation, repair, ease of forest ecological system disruption, the state, society, forest resources to benefit individual users and other providers of forest ecological benefit for the cost the interests of appropriate compensation, so as to promote the construction of forest ecological resources, cultivation, protection and management system design. In Section III, describes the forest ecological benefit compensation related theories. First, forest ecological compensation system based on economic theory, including the labor theory of value, public goods theory, externality theory. Second, forest ecological compensation system based on ecological theory, including the theory of ecological security, sustainable development theory, the three forest ecological compensation system based on legal theory, including the lawful property is inviolable principle, the principle of fair burden and public participation. Theoretical groundwork for the post play.The second part of Xinjiang, the status of forest ecological benefit compensation is analyzed. Xinjiang forest ecological compensation system was established early this century began. In 2001, the forest ecological benefit compensation pilot work carried out in Xinjiang, Xinjiang became one of the first batch of pilot provinces. Since 2004, the work of forest ecological benefit compensation in full swing in Xinjiang, the compensation area of forests has expanded each year, made some preliminary results. Forest ecological compensation system for promotion in Xinjiang since the implementation of "eco-efficiency first" idea has been widely accepted theory of the development of forestry in our region basis and guidelines for the ecological benefits of forest people a new understanding; the whole region significant slowdown of desertification; the construction of key forestry projects have steadily; features fruit industry is gratifying; made new achievements in forest fire prevention; forestry infrastructure to be strengthened; Forest resource management and protection system for building steadily. Meanwhile, the Xinjiang forest ecological compensation system also has some disadvantages, mainly in the single channel of compensation funds, lack of reasonable compensation standard, compensation funds, and loopholes in supervision and management for the system also need to be further implemented. In my area and found the construction of the system problems and deficiencies.The third part of the Forest defines the object of ecological compensation system, focused on the forest classification management theory, defined the scope of the Forest Classification Division. China's "Forest Law" Article is divided into the following types of forest: protection forest, timber forest, economic forest, fuel, special use forests. In general, the public welfare, including protection forest and special use forests; commercial forests, including timber, firewood and forest. The so-called forest classification management, market-based economy, the social construction of ecological protection forest and forest products to meet the delivery expectations for the requirements of the different forest dominated by the law of forests and the forest is divided into two major commercial forest class, according to their characteristics and patterns of operation of a new operating system and development model. After the forest is divided into two categories, for the public welfare, the government should invest mainly in order to maximize ecological benefits for the business objective; For commercial forests, mainly to the social investment, in order to maximize economic benefits for the business objectives. Policies and systems should be designed to highlight the flexibility to develop better forest management. Classification Division of Forest in Xinjiang, to reflect the principle of priority to public welfare as defined, focused and rational layout principles, in order to achieve increase efficiency, economies of scale, scientific guidance, and reasonable compensation for the role. The fourth part is the focus of this chapter describes the benefits of the Forest Ecological Compensation System recommendations. As the main body of forest ecological benefit compensation is generally believed to enjoy the protection of ecological environment should be the beneficiaries. Forest ecology as the obvious characteristics of public goods, all natural ecological protection are to benefit from this. As a representative of a natural person, the Government should become the main body of forest ecological benefit compensation. In addition, the compensation body to remove the government, it can also be improved through the market mechanism. According to the current implementation of the "central management of forest ecological benefit compensation fund," the "autonomous central government forest ecological benefit compensation fund management and use Rules" requirement, farmers, village collectives and state forest management and protection of full-time workers compensation benefits is a statutory body. Compensation Fund is to broaden the channels for the full establishment of forest ecological compensation system the key issues. Mainly to increase financial support to the establishment of forest ecological benefit tax, the beneficiaries bear, four of the community to contribute to issue lottery forest ecosystems. The standards of forest ecological benefit compensation should pay attention to the scientific standard of compensation. In addition to compensation for the use and management of the establishment of a standardized system for the delivery and management of funds to adopt strict measures to strengthen the centralized accounting and internal audit, illegal use of a sound financial accountability.Resolution of these issues will help identify and quantify the ecological benefits of the value of services, the establishment of the main environmental benefits related to adjust the distribution of benefits between its economic mechanism, to develop incentives to protect the ecological environment, policy and legal acts to promote the distribution of social wealth of green Process.This paper intends to combine the status and compensation of ecological benefits of some scholars for the theory of ecological benefits, the focus from a system perspective of the Forest Ecological Compensation for a number of theoretical and practical issues of a more comprehensive, in-depth discussion and demonstration, in order to able to Forest ecological benefit compensation of theoretical research, improve the benefit system. |
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