| A.Lancea,the dry roots of plant of Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.) DC.possesses the functions of eliminating dampness,invigorating the spleen,expelling pathogenic wind,clearing away the cold and improving acuity of the vision.It has been using to treat excess disorder of stomach,diarrhea,edema,rheumatic ache,anemofrigid cold, and night blindness.A.Lancea is a species with tremendous types,and there is a serious problem with the certain classification of its chemical types.There are many achievements on the studies of the processing of A.Lancea. However,people still cannot completely understand the effects and mechanisms of the processing,probably due to the limitations of current experimental designs and methods. The existing concerns of researchers are as follows:1) most studies are based on the comparison of the single sample before and after the processing.The sample cannot be repeated and the statistic analysis are impossible;2) mixing sampling are used in many studies.This method blurs the variation tendency of each individual before and after the processing,which results in the difficulties in observing the effects of processing on the components of A.Lancea.3) the knowledge of academia about the significance of processing to A.Lancea still stopped at the theory of "eliminating the oil and dryness" to decrease the side effect.There is no novel theory creation.Contents and MethodsIn order to solve the questions mentioned above,this work included two parts of studies:effects of processing of stir-baking with bran on essential oil components of non-trueborn A.Lancea and their contentseffects of processing of stir-baking with bran on essential oil components of trueborn A.Lancea and their contentsThe methods used in this work were as follows:On the basis of the genuineness studies and processing investigations,we proposed following hypothesis:the essential oil components of A.Lancea after processing were closer to those of trueborn herbs.Then the problems of processing were solved based on this hypothesis.According to the methods of processing of stir-baking with bran in Chinese Pharmacopoeia,individual large sampling was used firstly.The situation of chemical types within Atractylodes was analyzed by the method of bio-informatics. GC-MS technology combined with modern statistics was used,and relatively consistent investigating background within each experiment as well as large variation of background within different experiments was kept.Then changing tendency of essential oil components after stir-baking with bran was analyzed.The effect of processing on the quality of A.Lancea was studied in terms of the characteristics of trueborn herbs.ResultsNon-trueborn A.LanceaComponents identification:25 components in A.Lancea before processing were isolated and 18 of those,96.1 percent of essential oil,were indentified.After processing, 30 components were isolated and 25 of those,86.4 percent of essential oil,were identified.Variation of total amounts of essential oil components:higher values after processing were found compared to those before processing. Variation of contents:25 components were compared between before and after processing.Statistics showed that 10 of them after processing have smaller standards deviation and standard errors compared to those before processing.This suggested that processing made the content of each essential oil more balanced,i.e.,the components; with small amount initially became that with larger amount and vice versa.Trueborn A.LanceaComponents identification:there were 31 components identified before processing. After processing,36 components were identified.26 components were found in both samples before and after processing.Variation of total amounts of essential oil components:student t test showed that mean value of essential oil components after processing increased significantly,from 107 to 126.Variation of contents:three largest peaks of essential oil were compared.It was observed that the frequency of elemenal decreased.The lowest frequency occurred in Elemol andβ-eudesmol.atractylodin and selina-4(14)selina 7(11)-dienone appeared increasing frequency.There was no variation with atractylon.ConclusionThere is significant variation of composition of essential oil between trueborn and non-trueborn A.Lancea.There is significant variation in the composition of non-trueborn A.Lancea compared to that of trueborn herbs.The former had less peaks with the mean value of 72.Whereas,the latter included more peaks with the mean of 107.Furthermore,more large peaks were found in trueborn herbs,including elemol,atractylon,hinesol,β-eudesmol,Selina-4(14)selina7(11)-dienone and atractylodinTrueborn and non-trueborn A.Lancea possessed different characteristics even after processing.In terms of individual level,there was significant correlation with the components of essential oil between trueborn and non-trueborn A.Lancea samples.There was no obvious variation.With regard to population level,the differences of it before and after processing with both were same.In another word,the former had less peaks with the mean number of 90,and the largest two peaks in essential oil still were hinesol andβ-eudesmol However,the latter had more components with the average number of 126, and had more large peaks including elemol,atractylon,hinesol,β-eudesmol, Selina-4(14)selina7(11)-dienone and atractylodinThe tendencies of variation of components of essential oil between trueborn and non-trueborn A.Lancea were similar.The effect of processing on the components of essential oil of trueborn A Lance appeared the same tendency as that of non-trueborn herbs.For example,1) the number of components of essential oil increased with both herbs.The components of the trueborn went up significantly from 107 to 126,and that of the non-trueborn rose from 72 to 90.2) the square deviation of the components of essential oil of both declined, suggesting that processing make every component more balanced.3) the contents of hinesol andβ-eudesmol in both herbs after processing showed a decline tendency, which seemed to be the material basis of "eliminating dryness" in the view of traditional Chinese medicine to stir-baking with bran.A.Lancea after processing was closer to trueborn herbs.The primary founding in our research group showed that there are large differences of components of essential oil between trueborn and non-trueborn A.Lancea.Trueborn A.Lancea was characterized by the low content of total essential oil and a great number of components of the oil. This study found that after processing,the content of total essential oil in A.Lancea, especially hinesol,β-eudesmol,declined significantly.And the categories of the components of essential oil increased obviously.Taken together,the properties of trueborn herbs were embodied better after the processing method of stir-baking with bran.Guo Lanping et.al indicated that Atractylis lancea included two functions in clinic. One is replenishing Qi and tonifying Spleen,like Atractylodes macrocephala.The other is eliminating dampness,the same as that of other rhizoma atractylodis lanceae.The both functions were the major reason why Atractylis lancea became trueborn herbs. Furthermore,A.Lancea showed stronger function of tonifying Spleen,which support the hypothesis that A.Lancea after processing was closer to trueborn herbs.Determination of quality standard of processed A.Lancea.Essential oils were considered the main active components of A.Lancea as well as important material basis of its clinical functions.Lots of investigations implied that hinesol and eudesmol possessed prominent pharmacological activities.Therefore,these were frequently used as the quality standard of A.Lancea.However,the contents of essential oil such as hinesol andβ-eudesmol decreased significantly after processing.More interesting,both of standard deviation and standard error of components of essential oil after processing were smaller than those before processing.That is,the contents of components of essential oil became more balanced by the processing.All of these findings indicated that it is unreasonable that using just one or several essential oils to evaluate the quality of A.Lancea.Trueborn herbs are publicly considered herbs with high quality and good clinic effects.This work found A.Lancea after processing can embody the characteristics of trueborn herbs.This result may provide new ideas with respect to using the standards of trueborn herbs as the quality standard of processing products of A.Lancea. |
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