Research On The Transfer Of Agricultural Surplus Labors And Related Countermeasures

The 16th Representatives Conference of Communist Party of China set up the strategic deployment to construct a harmonious society and boost the process of socialism modernization in the new century. And the crux in building up a harmonious society lies on the countryside, agriculture and peasants. The construction and optimization of social security system in the countryside has met a lot of difficulties such as the incapability of peasants to pay the fees and their low interest in participating in the system, the continuous low covering rate of social security system in the countryside and the integration of social security system in the city with that in the countryside. The fundamental reason behind these problems is that the low income of the peasants can't afford them the relevant security fees. And the effective way to improve the peasants' income is to provide them an appropriate employment platform, solving the problem of existing in a great amount of agricultural surplus labors caused by the two-sector structure of our country's economy.Our country is a typical of an agricultural country with a population of peasants over 800 millions. Over a long period after the found of PRC, we have implemented a preference development policy on industry at the cost of sacrificing the interest of agricultural economy. The growth of agricultural economy has completely lied on the peasants and under the condition of scissor gap between the industry and agriculture, the accumulation of agriculture can't reach the effective extent so at to contribute to the optimization of industrial structure. However in the reform of industrial structure, the change of employment structure lags behind the change of industrial structure greatly with the result that peasants who account for 80% of the total population are excluded from the industrialization. The absence of incentive mechanism in traditional economic mode oppresses the peasants' interest in participating in economic activities constituting a great impediment to the economic development. Therefore the first step in the reforming the countryside is to strengthen the incentive mechanism and next is to reform the economic development structure and employment structure eliminating the two-sector economic structure and lowering the proportion of agriculture.It is a very typical phenomenon in the process of modernization that labors flow from the first-tier industry of low efficiency to the second- or third-tier industries of higher efficiency. However, variances exist in the reasons, means, speed and mechanism of transfer of agricultural surplus labors because of the differences in resource factors...