Analysis On The Transferring Of Surplus Labor In Rural China

The successful transference of rural China's surplus labors can benefit the development of China's rural economy, and hence accelerate the progress of China's market economy; increase the peasants' income greatly; widen the source of urban labor forces and the demand of market commodities, and hence fasten the course of transforming China's dual economy structure.Chinese government has taken the reform and open policy for more than 20 years. During this time, by means of peasants' moving into and then living in big cities, of absorbing farmers from rural areas by new built towns, of encouraging farmers to working in the rural enterprises, and so on, many rural surplus labors do be transferred from rural sector. However, it is not enough comparing with the whole amount of rural surplus labors.Today, China still has an urban-rural dual structure. Though the policy of registered permanent residence has been loosed in a sense, there exist great differences in many aspects between urban and rural population, such as living conditions, knowledge qualities, working skills and so on. This kind of economical and social situation decides that it may not be easy to solve the problem of rural surplus labors.This paper briefly summarizes related researches and theories of the domestic scholars like Professor Gu Shengzu and the foreign scholars like Professor A.Lewis and uses some of their perspectives for reference like regarding the industrialization and urbanization as some of the ways of absorbing rural surplus labors. Besides, this paper introduces the experiences of some other countries of the world, and briefly contrasts and compares China's structure of population and labors, situation of enterprises, level of urbanization and national education with some of them. Based on the authorized statistics, this paper narrates the history of the transference of rural China's surplus labor,and then analyses some factors that restrict transferring the surplus labor in rural China. According to these factors, this paper indicates how to solve this problem from the directions of rural labor's supply, demand and outer environment.A country's productivity, population and institutions, which vary from country to country, fundamentally affect the transference. This kind of difference decides that instead of simply copying the ways of transferring experiences of other countries, we must transfer the surplus labors according to China's environment. Therefore, this paper believes that accelerating the step of urbanization and the development of rural enterprises, enlarging the employment in agriculture itself, optimizing the structure of industries, ameliorating institutions and so on are the basic means of transferring rural China's surplus labor currently. Meanwhile, this paper emphasizes that improving the literate quality of rural labors and enhancing the strength of domestic enterprises are the keys to achieve success.