Study On Developing Moulds On Eco-Agriculture In The Three-Gorges Area

Eco-agriculture, a modern pattern of agricultural development, is founded systematically in terms of the theory of ecology, economics and eco-economics. It makes use of the advanced technical achievements, modern management and useful traditional agricultural experience so as to gain a higher expected economic, ecological and social profit. It requires us to combine not only the food demand with various industrial crops, farming development with forestry, stock raising and fishing, but also connects the development of big agriculture with that of the second and third industry. Using the essence of traditional farming and modern scientific technology, this form of agriculture designs man-made ecological projects to associate the relationship between development and environment, resources use and protection. Thus it forms three beneficent circle of ecological, economic and social profit. The main study and the conclusion are as follows.1. If eco-agriculture is developed, it can optimize simultaneously the economic system in farming, rural society and natural ecosystem as well. Meanwhile it is an effective approach to the realization of agricultural sustainable development in Three Gorges Area for it improves the sustainable use of ecological protection and farming resources. The exploitation of the Three Gorges and the West brings new opportunities to those rural regions. Advantageous climate and rich resources of plants, tourism, land, water, and mines form the superiority in developing eco-agriculture in this area. For yeas, however, the traditional extensive management on farming has led to a number of problems, such as sharp conflict between over-crowded people and insufficient land, too many hillside fields, serious water loss and soil erosion, severe pollution, fragile ecological environment and frequent natural disasters. These hindered the development of eco-agriculture.2. Based on the consultation from relevant experts and some new achievements in the country and foreign researches, this article has construct a target system of accessing sustainable eco-agricultural development in which contains three sub-systems and seventeen concrete targets. It analyzes the sustainable level of eco-agriculture in the Three Georges in terms of Delphi method and The Analytic Hierarchy Process. And then this paper concludes that the comprehensive sustainable development in the Three Gorges is increasing, in which the economic profit goes up apparently while the ecological profit decreases. This shows the failure of coordination in the development of economic, social and ecological systems.3. This article proposes nine developing moulds on eco-agriculture by the analysis of the motivating factors in rural position, transportation, advantageous resources, and optimization of industry structure in the Three Gorges.(1)The 3-dimention eco-farming mould. This involves 3-dimention upland field mould, paddy- upland mould, rice-duck mutualism mould, etc.(2)The 3-dimention forestry mould. This involves forestry-farming interplanting mould and multi-type interplanting mould.(3)Eco-animal husbandry mould.(4)Courtyard economy mould. This involves pig-firedamp-grain mould; pig-firedamp-vegetable mould; pig-firedamp-fishing mould.(5).The models of feature fruit base. This involves fruit base mould;product process base mould.(6)Scientific research + planting(rear) + processing + market mould.(7) The models of professional and large-scale production base of pickles. This involves plantation base mould; product process base mould. (8)The models of Chinese herbal medicine base. (9)Development models of land resource in water-level-fluctuating zone. 4. In addition, this article makes analysis on profit of three typical eco-agriculture mould: the models of professional and large-scale production base of pickles,courtyard economy mould, scientific research + planting + processing + market mould.5. Furthermore, this article also proposes correspondingly eight solutions to the problems and success in the development of eco-farming in the Three Gorges rural area. It is suggested that people should construct an overall view on eco-agriculture, speed up the adjustment of agricultural industry structure, and set examples to others or popularize the successful experience and moulds.