Research On Ecological Compensation Standard Of Exploiting Coal Resources In Inner Mongolia

Ecological compensation is a hot issue both concerned by the government and academia at this stage. This paper takes the development of coal resources in Inner Mongolia as the research object, especially focuses on the study of determining ecological compensation standard of exploiting coal resource in Inner Mongolia, with the hope of promoting the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism for exploiting coal resources in Inner Mongolia, thereby containing destructive phenomena of ecological environment caused by the exploitation of coal resources.This paper mainly adopts the method of combining standardized research and empirical research to estimate the economic losses of damaging ecological environment in the coal mine area in Baorixile based on the levy standard of ecological compensation of exploiting coal resources in Inner Mongolia. Its significance lies in:to provide quantitative support for the ecological environment compensation in the mine area; to provide support to form a perfect coal price mechanism in Inner Mongolia, thereby promoting the research of ecological compensation theory and practice.Exploitation of coal resources in Inner Mongolia has brought significant economic and social benefits, but its negative effects on the eco-environment should not be ignored. During recent years, with the expansion of exploiting coal resources in Inner Mongolia, it also provides an important historical opportunity for the economic development in Inner Mongolia. In addition, the development of the coal industry has also made a positive contribution to the local improvement of employment, education and the quality of the population, and reducing the dependence on imported energy resources at the same time, providing reliable guarantee for national security of energy. But during the develop process, some enterprises are driven by profit, so they choose the easy ones while avoid the difficult ones and exploit rich ones while abandon poor ones in the process of exploitation, resulting in a serious waste of resources and low recovery rate. Therefore, Inner Mongolia should make full use of the advantages of coal resources, and improve the economic and social benefits of coal resources.In this paper, from the perspective of ecological environmental campaigners, the ecological compensation of exploiting coal resources is divided into direct cost and the opportunity cost of ecological environment protection to settle. Combined with the economic capacity of the society, enterprises and other stakeholders in the current social conditions, the ecological compensation standard of exploiting coal resources is determined, namely the upper and lower limits of the compensation.①Determine the compensation standard based on the direct cost of ecological and environmental protection---lower limit of the compensation:protection expenditure and cost of ecological rehabilitation and waste water treatment, among which cost of ecological rehabilitation and waste water treatment includes five aspects:costs of land subsidence treatment, coal gangue disposition, vegetation restoration, waste water treatment and waste gas treatment;②Determine the compensation standard based on the direct cost of ecology environmental protection and opportunity cost---upper limit of the compensation, including the defensive expenditures, cost of ecological environment restoration, losses of environmental pollution destruction and development opportunities. Loss of the environment pollution destruction includes losses of land pollution, destruction of vegetation, water pollution and the value of ecological system service.Through the calculation in this paper the conclusion is:in2011the lower limit of ecological compensation is518,873,300yuan, among which the defensive expenditure is29,120,000yuan, accounting for3.83%of the total cost of ecological compensation (upper limit of ecological compensation); the cost of ecological rehabilitation and government is489,753,300yuan, accounting for64.45%of the total cost of ecological compensation. The upper limit of compensation is721,253,400yuan, among which the ecological environment pollution and loss of destruction is200,751,100yuan, accounting for26.42%of the total cos of ecological compensation; the loss of opportunity is1,629,000yuan, accounting for0.21%of the total cost of compensation.Based on the lower and upper limits of compensation, the author calculates that the ecological compensation of Baorixile coal mine in2011was518,873,300-721,253,400yuan, accounting for8.56%-12.61%of the average price of the coal per ton; approximately about19.96-27.74yuan, accounting for15.59%～21.67%of the production cost of128yuan/ton. Although the profit ratio of production of the coal enterprises in Inner Mongolia is higher than the average profit ratio of production of above-scale industrial enterprises, which the upper limit of ecological compensation is more than10%of sales revenue, is relatively greater pressure for the coal enterprises in Baorixile. Therefore, in the present circumstances that the coal price in Inner Mongolia is low and the coal tax structure is not rational or perfect, as the resource owner and manager, the government is supposed to fund appropriately the protection and restoration of the ecological environment that beyond the affordability of coal enterprises. After the coal pricing mechanism and the coal resources tax structure are improved in the future, coal onterprises should take full responsibility for the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in mining area. Moreover, environmental organizations or individual or other forms of social organization may also provide certain support or assistance to ecological environment compensation in the mining areas.Finally, based on the above-mentioned conclusions, suggestions and measures are put forward to improve the ecological compensation of exploiting coal resources in Inner Mongolia.