Research On Grassland Ecological Compensation Mechanism Based On Inner Mongolia Coal Resources Exploitation

In the process of evolution from traditional nomadic economy to modern industrial economy, the exploitation of coal resources has made an important contribution for developing Inner Mongolia economic, from2002to2009, the growth rate of Inner Mongolia economic was the fastest in the past eight years, Compared with other provinces in China large-scale exploitation of coal resources played an important role in boosting Inner Mongolia economy, however, at the same time it also produced a series of ecological and environmental problems, such as over-exploitation of resources, grassland degradation, environmental pollution. In recent years, the consumption of coal resources have been increasing year by year in Inner Mongolia, and energy consumption still mainly depends on coal resources which is the largest the proportion of consumption, which put forward higher requirements on Protecting the Inner Mongolia grassland environment. Coal mine just right lie in the prairie region, including Hulun Buir coal mine, Xilin Gol coal mine, Huolinhe coal mine and so on.How to ensure sustainable development and utilization of coal resources at the lowest costs of economy、 environment and society, it is becoming a key point when we research building the grassland ecological compensation mechanism in Inner Mongolia. Exploiting coal resources had an effect on stimulating economic growth in Inner Mongolia, in obvious contrast with this, farmers and herdsmen’s income have not increased correspondingly, which virtually dampened the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen on protecting grassland ecological environment; in addition, grasslands is public goods, this character determines that the exploitation and utilization of coal resources which lie in grassland will cause negative externalities, if we do not take effective management and compensation,it will eventually cause a bad result-"tragedy of the commons", therefore, building grassland ecological compensation mechanism has far-reaching meaning.This thesis makes reference to research results at home and abroad, analyses that the exploitation of coal resources have an effect on destructing grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, reveals the contradiction between coal resources development and grassland ecological environmental protection, analyses interaction mechanism of the grassland ecological compensation and coal resources development, analyses the defects of the original grassland ecological compensation mechanism, proposes the measure of building grassland ecological compensation mechanism by comparing and analyzing; This thesis will mainly discuss three issues including who compensate who, what is the compensation standard, how to compensate, takes opportunity costs and transaction costs as the theoretical basis of grassland ecological compensation, and constantly improves the compensation standard and price mechanism of grassland ecological compensation. By means of Game Analysis, looking for a balanced solution, which can provide policy support for building the grassland ecological compensation. By researching on the achievement and real experience of foreign countries and other provinces, try to build new compensation mechanism, in order to gradually transform the traditional "shuxue" into "Zhaoxue" grassland ecological compensation mode.