Modernity And Social Division Of Labor

Social division of labor, as a very common phenomenon has long attracted attention of social thinkers. Marx, Durkheim, living in the Social Transformation , faced the problem of modernity, did a re-thinking of the social division of labor and starting to think about the social division of labor in modern society.This paper is divided into three parts:Chapter 1 ,we have a simple concept of modernity and its associated description . Include modern, modernization, modernity, modernism. Through this understanding of several concepts, will enable us to go deep into the problem of modernity and its reflection.The second chapter is the focus of this article, the main analysis of Marx and Durkheim's theory of social division, the division of labor by both the form and development of social factors, the impact of the social division of labor and social division of labor in the future, then compare the two theories different in content. Marx believed that the development of productive forces is the formation of the root causes of social division of labor, through carding three social division of labor in history, showing the division of labor productivity on a major role in the formation and development. After the division of labor produces not only turn promote the development of productive forces, but also continue to promote the progress of society, private ownership, class, countries are under in their production and development. However, the development of social division of labor, has also brought negative effects, the most important is one-sided alienation and unilateral human development, which is the outstanding performance of contemporary issues. To eliminate the social crisis of modern , division of labor must be eliminated through social revolution, advancing toward communism. Marx on the division of discourse, and his criticism of modernity echoes of the division of labor's causes, effects and solutions with his modern interpretation of "genesis," "Pathology," "futurology" has the same purpose . Durkheim's understanding of the social division of labor is very different from Marx,.In his view, social density and social capacity is the causes of division of labor,among which the density is the major factor, because the population increase alone will not lead to the division of labor, only when social density would lead to fierce competition.And then,it will lead to social division of labor. At the same time also on the collective consciousness and the division of genetic also play a role in the division of labor.Collective consciousness of the degradation and the development division is the same process, inherited both the social division of labor plays a dual role in the promotion of obstacles. Main function of the social division of labor is to promote mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity, modern society is an organic solidarity-based society, division of labor make people interdependence.Social division of labor on the development of modern society plays an important role, but Durkheim also saw the crisis of modern society, he called it social anomie. The decision to solutions of modern social crisis, it is necessary in modern society based on the reconstruction of the collective consciousness and social norms.The third chapter focuses on comparing the theory of the social division of labor between the two thinkers. Through theoretical comparison of the content, we will find: the vision of Marx more on the political, economic, and stands a realistic theory of social action to proceed. Durkheim seems indifference about political, economic, In fact, he is concerned about moral, in his view the crisis of modernity is due to moral imperfections, we need to do is to play the role of ethics regulating and reconstruct the order of modern society. Thus, we can see Marx and Durkheim's different value purport, it make us have to go more deeper level of social division of labor between the two theories. In this paper, in terms of two different methodological premise, alienation and anomie, the different attitudes of social division of labor and the modern , start the comparison. We find that Marx advocated beyond the "modernity" to establish a "counter-modernity modernity" to solve the "problem of modernity"; But Durkheim look on the "modernity" within the horizon advocated in the context of modernity to solve modern problems.In general, personal development and social division of labor development is closely linked. As socio-economic development patterns from junior to senior, as individuals in the development of social production also followed step by step from lower to higher stages of development continued the transition stage of development. Durkheim and Marx, from their different point of view and research methods to create their own theory of the social division of labor .To compare their social division of labor theory, both in theory and reality is of major significance. And "Modernity" is far from over, so, reflect on the classical social theory also can not stop.