U.S. And The 1953 Coup In Iran

Along with World Warâ…¡moved to end, and the cold war broke out. Iran has become the primary target which U.S.and Soviet Union competed. US in order to prevent Iran falling to Soviet Union's embrace, taking Angol-Iranian oil conflict which initiated because of the oil nationalization movement(1951-1953) as the turning point, further involved into the Iranian business, finally, U.S. taken a covert action in August 19, 1953 to overthrow the Mosaddeq government which passed through the election to produce legitimately. The coup caused the Iran nationalism movement bitter and serious setback, and will has huge and the profound influence on Iranian later political development. After the coup, any country had not been able to challenge US in Iran's status, U.S.-Iran relations also then henceforth started rapid development. The 1953 coup symbolized the establishment of US attaching relations to Iran with a superiority status, it also signed the U.S.-Iran league had been established formally. This topic research has far not launched in our country academic circles was still weak. This article has referred to the massive American file literature as well as the Chinese and foreign colleague had. Its cause and aftermath will be carried on relatively systematic and exhaustive elaboration.To divides this article into three parts.The first part, has mainly confessed the U.S. policy toward Iran during the end of 1940s at the beginning of 1950s. Before World Warâ…¡, Britain and Soviet Union had quite big influence on Iran, the diplomatic relation between U.S. and Iran only paused in a lower stratification level. During World Warâ…¡and early post-World Warâ…¡war period, Iran's strategic status was rapidly obtained promotion as a result of the tough competition in the U.S.,Britain and Soviet Union, Soviet Union was expelled out of Iran by U.S. after the Azerbaijanian crisis, there was only left Britain diligently to maintain its original benefit under Iran's oil nationalization movement tide. The Truman Administration at first positively acts as mediator facing the Anglo-Iran oil conflict and appeared a lot of U.S. National Security Council Document(NSC) in this time to indicate its standpoint for urging both sides to reach a oil agreement. However, after diligently working nearly two years, there actually not have any result, Iran's political and economic deterioration increased day by day, facing the edge of collapse.The second part, specifically elaborated the Process U.S. to instigate the 1953 coup in Iran. The unceasingly worsen situation in Iran further intensified the American government's worry about Iran possibly to be able to be led by the Tudeh Party(the Iranian communist party) to the Soviet camp. The new elected Eisenhower government certainly does not permit such matter occurrence, so Eisenhower soon authorized the CIA to start to plan the covert action for removing Mosaddeq from office after he was coming on stage. CIA has formulated the thorough plan for the coup and finally determined General Zahedi to substitute Prime Minister Mosaddeq's duty. CIA launched a series of a mount of military intelligence network activities and the propaganda activities to destabilize and slander the Mosaddeq regime. U.S. also obtained the King Pahlavi's support. After all preparatory work was ready, the coup, code-named TPAJAX, finally got underway in mid-August 1953. After a disastrous beginning, as a result of coup's captain Kermit was still firm and calm in the whole process, finally it had gained the victory. It is important that CIA's instigating with the direction, there is the 1953 coup which had shock all countries in the world afterwards.The third part, has mainly analyzed the 1953 coup's consequence and the influence. Its success has established the intimate relations between U.S. and Iran. During subsequent more than 20 years, Iranian king Pahlavi gradually established the despotic rule under U.S.'S force support domestically and relied on the more and more formidable military force to capture the local overlord's status with other moderate forces in the Middle, enormously changed the Middle East pattern. After obtaining Iran the best foothold which be used to attack or defense Soviet Union, U.S gradually formed Middle East defense system with Iran's positive coordination, further has consummated U.S.'S global cold war strategic plan. The 1953 coup opened the beginning of U.S. using the covert action to subvert the legitimate left wing government in the third world, and from then on, many countries which were suspected for receiving the communism giant influence by U.S.' subversiveness to fall from power in abundance, along with establishing the right wing despotic dictatorship which is supported by U.S.