A Study Of American Policies Towards Iran Before And After The 1953 Iranian Coup

After the end of the Second World War,Iran carried out the oil nationalization movement to recover oil rights from Britain.The conflict between the rising nationalist sentiment and the complicated realistic politics in Iran has pushed Mossadeq to the throne of the Prime Minister of Iran.At the same time,the United States,which entered the cold war,hopes to bring Iran into the Western camp so as to better resist the Soviet Union.After nearly two years of failure in running in with the Mossadeq government,the United States and the United Kingdom launched a coup to overthrow the Mossadeq government,and finally established a new dictatorship headed by the Iranian King Pahlavi.The coup planted the seeds of Iranians' dissatisfaction with the United States,promoted the outbreak of the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979,and indirectly affected today's U.S.-Iran relations.However,the existing research results do not show the evolution track of American decision-making before and after the coup in a systematic and detailed way,so it is not able to understand the blind spots and shortcomings of American decision-making in essence,nor to provide a mirror for today's U.S.-Iran relations.In this paper,the latest declassified foreign relations of the United States are used as the main materials,supplemented by other relevant materials to explore the above issues.The paper is divided into three parts: the first chapter describes the historical evolution of the relationship between the United States and Iran,as well as the track of the U.S.policy toward Iran turning to the cold war after World War II;the second chapter describes the process of the mediation between the United States and the government of Mossadeq,and how the United States moved towards the position of overthrowing Mossadeq;the third chapter describes the process of the preparation and implementation of the U.S.coup,as well as the efforts to help the new Iranian government deal with the aftermath,Finally,the United States became the biggest winner of Iran's geopolitical cooperation.During this period,the ideology of the cold war has always been the guiding ideology.However,the cold war ideology has never been reflected and criticized by American high-level officials.This powerful driving force stems from the defects of cold war ideology itself and the huge impetus of American government and social organizations,which has left a good example for today's U.S.-Iran relations.