In 1941, The United Kingdom And The Soviet Union Jointly Occupied The Iranian Issue

On 25^th August,1941,while the smoke of gunpowder of the WW? spreading over Siberia,Iran,a neutral state and one of the ancient civilizations of the Middle East,was suddenly attacked by Britain and the Soviet Union.The code of the war is "Operation Countenance".It broke out at 2 a.m.25^th August and lasted until 10 a.m.28th August,1941.Hence American media named this operation "The Eighty Hours War".At that time,the British army and the Soviet army were separately marching from the southwest Iran and the North Iran,just like the "blitzkrieg" of German army.Shortly the two armies met at Qazvin at the end of August.Facing the precipitate invasion,Reza Shah was caught by thorough bewilderment.The Shah had no effective resistance but to pin his mere hope on the U.S.mediation and the Anglo-Soviet's kindness.When illusions sank down,he immediately set up a new cabinet and gave up the previous"symbolic resistance".Realizing his throne was in jeopardy,the Shah hurriedly abdicated and fled from Teheran.On the 17th September,the Anglo-Soviet's army occupied the capital and declared the news that Iran was totally occupied.The Anglo-Soviet's occupation of Iran in 1941 is the second cooperation of Britain and the Soviet Union after dividing Iran into spheres of influence during the WW I.And it is also the immediate aftermath of the outbreak of the Soviet-German War.For Iran,this event has a significant impact on political tendency of the Pahlavi Dynasty and Iran's modern history.For the world,British,Soviet and American's interference and contending in Iran set the stage for the potential danger for the Cold War.The particular incident reveals the truth that the powers in the international arena have always chase the weak countries which have important strategic positions.In this game it is inevitable that it contains the political realism,international morality and the International Law.It goes without saying that scholars in this research orientation have no unanimous arguments for this event.As far as structure is concerned,this thesis contains seven sections:Introduction:It has five contents:Firstly,it's about the topic reasons and the research significance.Secondly,it's the research status both domestically and overseas.Thirdly,it's the research methods.Fourthly,it's the relevant issues of Iranian traditional diplomacy.Fifthly,it's the relevant explanations.Part one:Explain the relevant-background.Looking back the history between Iran and the four powers,namely Britain,Russia?the USSR?,the U.S.and Germany,which have close relationships with this occupation event.The first section mainly talked about the complicated relations among Iran,Britain and Russia?the USSR?from modern world to the eve of WW?.The second section summarized the intermittent relations among Iran,the U.S.and Germany.Part two:Expound the specific laying-out of Anglo-Soviet's plan of occupation Iran during the early WW ?.From the outbreak of the War to the beginning of the year 1941,Iran had been little disturbed.However,as the War expanded,especially the British army suppressed Iraqi "rebellion" in May 1941 and the outbreak of the Soviet-German War in June 1941,Iran's situation was rapidly deteriorating.In order to prevent Axis powers from capturing Iran's strategic resources and traffic lines first,the British and Soviet caught the issue of the Germen in Iran,and they pressured Iranian government for many times?such as the joint demarche on 19th July and 16th August?,and finally they planed the Joint military action.Part three:Elaborate on the Iranian government's responses to the Anglo-Soviet's pressure and the military deployment of both of the two sides before the War.Facing the fire-eating Anglo-Soviet's demarche,the Shah,on the one hand,was delaying it.On the other hand,he spared no effort to look for American mediation.Meanwhile,the British and Soviet were deploying their army secretly and intended to invade Iran's territory.However,the Iranian government had noticed it and had taken some defensive measures.Part four:Make the panoramic description of the process of "the Eighty Hours War" caused by British and Soviet.From the morning of 25^th August1941 to the morning 28th August 1941,this part mainly described each battlefield.Besides,it contained other things,for example,Iranian Government sought for American assistance and the change of the Iranian cabinet.Part five:Describe the details of the situations after Iranian Government announced a cease-fire,and the Anglo-Soviet-Persian trilateral Treaty signed in the early 1942's.During this time it contained many things,for instance,the Anglo-Soviet's cease-fire agreement signed on 30th August,Britain and Soviet's army at Qazvin on 31st August,the fate of the German in Iran,the succession of the Mohammad Reza Pahlavi,the Anglo-Soviet's occupation of Teheran and so on.The epilogue analyzed the external reasons of the Anglo-Soviet's occupation of Iran.Then it discussed the internal causes from the perspectives of geopolitics and foreign policies.Finally,this dissertation objectively summarized and evaluated the morality problems of this "Operation Countenance" and the lessons of the international politics.