| Objective Investigate whether Silica as the major incentive for the high incidence of lung cancer in xuanwei countryMaterials and Methods The project will be separated into two parts as follows:Study one:(1) Subjects:1.the high incidence of lung cancer group:(1) a coal sample has about 50 grams,which collected from laibin coal mine in the laibin town, xunwei country, Yunnan Province, China. (2)10 coal bottom ash samples comes form household coal combustion, which from laibin coal mine. Each coal ash collect about 20 grams.2.the non-high incidence of lung cancer group(1)a coal sample has about 50 grams, which collected from shamushu coal mine in the yibin city, Sichuan Province, China.(2)10 coal bottom ash samples comes form household coal combustion, which from shamushu coal mine. Each coal ash collects about 20 grams. First. we weigh of raw coal(accurate in grams) about 10grams, then using a muffle furnace heated to 1100℃make the coal burning to coal ash, the goal is making the coal ash to constant weight and weighing the coal bottom ash, then obtain the correction mass ratio of the coal ash and coal. Using the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF) to analyze the Silica's mass content in the coal and the coal ash(after burned in Muffle furnace).Using the X-ray diffraction to analyze the Silica's mass content in coal ash which collected from local household. Then calculate the correction mass content as the mass correction ratio multiply the coal ash mass content. Using software SPSS 17.0 calculate the mean of silica mass content about the raw coal, experiment combustion coal ash, coal ash and correction coal ash. Using t-test to analyze the statistical differences of experiment group and contrast group, as p<0.05 shows significant differences.Study two:Subjects:(1)group cancer tissues of lung cancer:5 groups of the cancer tissue collected from lung cancer, which had surgery resection and have postoperative pathological diagnosis as non-small cell lung cancer. (2)group normal tissues of lung cancer:5 groups of the adjacent cancer tissue collected from lung cancer, which had surgery resection and have postoperative pathological diagnosis as non-small cell lung cancer. Using the electronic balance accurate weigh sample of wet weight, then put the sample into crucible, and dries it with the microwave oven. Weigh the dry weight of sample. And put the dry tissue into muffle furnace, set the temperature to 1000℃, burning to constant weight. Using the electronic balance accurate weigh sample of remaining sample. The last, appliance XRF to analyze the mass content of silica. Using software SPSS 17.0 calculate the mean of silica mass content about cancer tissue and adjacent cancer tissue. Using t-test to analyze the statistical differences of experiment group and contrast group, as p<0.05 shows significant differences.Results Study one:The xuanwei coal combustion by muffle furnace reduced to 4.29g from 10.15g, ash/coal ratio is 0.4242, the SiO2mass% of coal is 6.50%, after combustion is 47.11%, the correction ratio mass% of after combustion is 19.98%, compared with pre-combustion, the mass of SiO2 increased. The yibin coal combustion by muffle furnace reduced to 2.96g from 10.05g, ash/coal ratio is 0.2933, the SiO2mass% of coal is 3.43%, after combustion is 34.48%, the correction ratio mass% of after combustion is 10.11%, compared with pre-combustion, and the mass of SiO2 was increased. Furthermore, either coal or after combustion coal ash, the xuanwei coal's mass of silica is higher than yibin coal. The mass% of silica about the experiment group from household coal ash is 87.90±2.60, the correction results against the ash/coal is 33.97±0.97; about the contrast group is 78.9±2.08, the correction results against the ash/coal is 25.79±0.77. Using the correct contents for two independent samples t-test statistics, p=0.000<0.05, there was a significant statistics difference between the two groups, therefore, either the coal or the coal ash. the xuanwei coal's mass of silica are higher than yinbin coal. Study two:By XRF detection, at the residues of lung tissue, which been burned in muffle furnace, has been detected phosphorus(P),potassium(K),sodium(Na), iron(Fe), calcium(Ca), and other essential elements of the human. The highest content of possibly harmful elements was silica(Si), But there were not chromium(Cr), lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd),Nickel(Ni)and other harmful heavy metals. The SiO2 quality(mass%) of wet weight in cancer tissues are 0.0320±0.0013, in dry weight are 0.1903±0.0057; Wet weights in normal tissues are 0.0248±0.0011, dry weight are 0.1337±0.0071. Using the correct contents for two independent samples t-test statistics, p=0.000<0.05, there was a significant statistics difference between the two groups. Therefore, we can consider that the mass of SiO2 in the cancer tissues are higher than in the noraml tissues.Conclusion1, the high incidence of lung caner in xuanwei may be related to the higher content of silica in local coal and its combustion coal ash, which silica was defined I Class carcinogen.2, Coal ash that combustion from coal has more content of silica, while the increased content of silica would increase the risk of inhalation and disease.3, The content of silica in cancer tissues were higher than in the normal lung tissues, it means that the accumulation of SiO2 inferenceinvolved in the carcinogenesis process.4, The proportion of K,P in the cancer tissues and normal tissues had exchanged. It is concluded that the P, Fe, Na, etc as required nutrition involved in the carcinogenesis progress. |
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