Research On Health Condition And Nursing Needs Of The Elderly In The Urban And Rural Areas Of Changchun

Since the mankind's society enters into the 20th century, the structure of population age has unprecedentedly changed due to the decrease of population production and the extension of mankind's life expectancy. From the viewpoint of the whole world, now there are many developed countries which have already stepped into the elderly society. Meanwhile, , China has already entered into the elderly society,and the population of the elderly has been near or over 10%. The absolute number of the elderly in China is not only in the first place in the world, but also one of the quickest nations of the age. The speed of the age in China exceeds the modern development. In the developed countries, actually, people become first rich and then aged or at the same time. Whereas, Chinese people can't become rich until the age. The Changchun region in Jilin Province is one of the regions that have entered into the age in China in advance. Census statistics by the end of 2004 in Changchun indicated that the total population is seven millions and twenty-four hundred thousands. Of them, the old people over 60 is seven-five hundred thousands, 10.3%. In the light of the prediction from Jilin Province Census Office, the population of the age in Changchun City will be up to 13.7% in 2010, and 40.90% in 2050. When the time comes, there will be four old people in average ten people.The ageing of population is the mark of scientific development and social progress, and also the inevitable trend of the world population growing. However, it also has brought many thorny problems to the society, family and individuals, especially, health problems. Therefore, the community nursing should be greatly developed, and it is the primary task for the community nursing personnel to improve the health quality of the old.The community nursing is a comprehensive science which combines nursing theory with public hygiene to improve and maintain the health of community population. Health in community nursing is central and community group is the target of service. Of them, it is the primary goal to improve and maintain individuals and families and groups in the community.The purpose of this research is to provide predictive and decisive basis for the old people preventing from diseases and community nursing needs, through the survey of health condition and nursing needs of the old population in the suburb and rural areas of Changchun to evaluate the their health quality.The content of research: 560 old people over 60 randomized in the urban and rural areas of Changchun were surveyed as the target, using the combined method of stratified sampling and systematic sampling. Three communities were chosen at random from better community health service center in the suburb, county and rural areas of Changchun. According to the activities of daily living of gerontics(ADL) and the Chinese version of Simple Formulation(SF—36) of American Boston Health Institute, the quantity form of the old people health condition and nursing needs was designed. After the examination of experts, the trained investigators go to the communities at regular intervals to check for the old people, to fill in the form, and through the analysis of the number in the form, it showed that:The survey indicated that the femal persons investigated were more than the male ones, and that low cultural level, much lower income every month, and average age 72.48±6.52, which was slightly higher than average of the whole country. The elderly suffer from much more chronic diseases (77.14%). The first five diseases were, in turn, heart disease, hypertension, arthritis, cerebrovascular disease and respiratory diseases. Therefore, the content of community health care would be adjusted according to the features of the ole-age diseases.It indicated that it was closely related to the old people's daily diet habit, behavior and cultural level. Usually, the old people in the villages payed no attention to exercise, smoke, drink, have a little knowledge, don't care the diet nutrition. The percent that the old people in the villages choose private clinic was 73.64%. Therefore, the rate of cardiovascular diseases was higher than those in other cities. It was the same to the rate and influencing factors in the whole country. The percents that the old people in the city, villages and country saciticitive community nursing were 53.57%, 85.39% and 69.64%. The community nursing needs which the old people in the villages want were obviously higher than cities. On the other hand, the population proportion of the old people in the villages was clearly higher than cities. It was another primary reason why the old people in the villages want much from community nursing.In short, through the survey, the rate of chronic diseases of old people in Changchun community obviously increase with the ageing. Therefore, community nursing service should be developed, the importance of the old nursing service should be greatly publicized, different community nursing personnel should be trained to meet increasing nursing needs. Establishment and perfection of social medical care system of the elderly and social old-age care system is helpful to improve life quality of the elderly, reduce social burden and promote social stability and prosperity.