Study On Collecting, Processing Technology And Some Product's Characters Of Ginseng In The Main Producing Regions

Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer belongs to Araliaceae family,Panax genus,its dry root used as a traditional Chinese crude drug,called Radix Ginseng in Latin.It is one of the most precious traditional Chinese medicines in our country,and is known as "king of herbs".Our country has a greatly produing ability in ginseng,the ultimate output accounts for above 80%of ginseng's output all over the world.For many years, the ginseng has attracted large numbers of researchers;the results of research are plentiful.However in recent years,as a result of the development of cultivated techniques,the influence of marketing,the protection policy of ecological environment to ginseng's land and so on,the output,the quality of ginseng in our country had already had some changes.The investigation revealed that the production region of ginseng in our country had already had the tremendous changes,in the past the tradition production regions of ginseng mainly located in the three northeastern provinces,but the present situation was already not like this.Firstly, Liaoning Province,its goverment has issued a policy of developing tourism as the main industry,most ginsengs are cultivated under forest,and the producing period is longer and the output of ginseng is fewer. Secondly,in Heilongjiang Province,as a result of the technique problems and low price for recent ten years, the productivity of ginseng also large scale drops.In contrast of them,Jilin Province has taken the production of ginseng as the leading industry,now it has become the real biggest province of ginseng production in our country.According to incomplete statistics,the output of ginseng in Jilin should achieve above 90%of Chinese's,the four ginseng bases which have past the national GAP authentication are all located in Jilin Province.In view of this situation,it is necessary to carry out the related research to guarantee the sustainable development of this special industry in our country,including the quality change of ginseng,the accumulation law of effective component and the content,the quality evaluation of ginseng in the market.The experiments mainly take collecting,processing and characters of some commodities about ginseng in the northeast part of China as research aim,and the analyzed targets include the physiological characters and the quality evaluation.They are researched that the output and quality in different regions,ages and different collected time of fresh ginseng.In the processing experiment,we mainly studied on improving the traditional process technigues.For the experiment's typification we applied a spot-surface union method in collecting samples.And carried out quality analysis in different production regions of the three provinces in the northeast part of China,focused collecting researches in Changbai's ginseng base which has passed the national GAP authentication,focused processing researches in Fusong ginseng base which is known as "motherland of the ginseng" in our country.At the same time,the analysis of commodities' quality was developed to understand the quality of ginseng entered the market at present.The main conclusions are as follows:1.This experiment conducts the research on the difference between physiology properties and the internal quality of fresh ginseng root in three provinces in northeast of China.As a result,dry to fresh root ratio,ginsenosides and starch content of fresh root in Jilin both higher than the other two provinces.The comparison about saccharides,fat and solubility protein content as well as various enzyme activities in different production regions show that saccharides content:Ji'an in Jilin Province is highest,Fusong in Jilin Province is lowest;fat and solubility protein content:Liaoning Province is highest,Jilin Province is lowest.2.The research on the fresh roots collected in different years,belong to Changbai's GAP base,show that dry to fresh root ratio and ginsenosides content of fresh root increases along with the age gradually. Saccharides are also the same.The fat content changes as the normal curve.The soluble protein content assumes the growth the tendency,the sixth year starts to drop.3.The study on 5 years ginseng which collected in different collecting time in Changbai region.Through the comparison of ginsenosides content,dry to fresh root ratio,saccharides,fat and solubility protein content in different collecting time,we could conclude that the best collecting time of this region is September 7 to September 20.4.To solve the problem about decline of dry to fresh root ratio in processing red ginseng,we carry on the method for processing red ginseng by osmoticing pressure.From the comparison of output and the quality, the dry to fresh root ratio increases by 4.93%,ginsenosides content increases by 1.62%and the differences reach to a very significant level(P＜0.01).The analysis about ginsenosides content,saecharides and fat in different collecting time also show that the best collecting time of ginseng root as red ginseng processing materials is about September 10 in Changbai region.5.The research on white ginseng,first of all,we design the method for processing white ginseng by osmoticing pressure:dry to fresh root ratio increases by 1.69%,the difference reaches to a significant level (P＜0.05),ginsenosides content increases by 0.94%,and the difference does not reach to a significant level (P＞0.05).From the comparison of white ginseng in different regions:dry to fresh root ratio and ginsenosides content of white ginseng in Jilin are both higher than the other two provinces generally.6.This article also studied the micro-structure of different production regions,different ages,different collecting time of fresh ginseng,Jinlin Province is better than the other two provinces.Taproot of two to four year old ginseng is perimeter and the radius grow gradually,the speed of growth is quick,changes remarkbly, the speed of growth of five to six year old ginseng is gradually slow.From the comparison of different collecting time that the periderm and the bast grow gradually from September 1st to September 20th,the taproot also overstrikes,the growth scope is obvious,total ginsenosides content also increases along with the growth,which is concluded as the best time to collect.All targets decline on September 27,so it is not the best time to collect.7.From the comparison of the commodities,we discovered there were much large differences among the quality of the various main ginseng commodities and suggested the department reative with the ginseng market should manage them enhanchedly.In summary,this thesis mainly studied on collecting,processing and characters of ginseng in northeast of China,and carried on analysis of commodities' quality.The first innovation is that the better position of Jilin ginseng is identified.The second innovation is that the optimum collectine time is in September 7^th to 20^th of the Changbai ginseng.Next,in the aspect of processing,by the method of improving techniques,it guarantees the rate of production and the content of the active components.