Present Situation And Development For Enforcement Engineering Of Returning Cultivated Farmland Into Woodland & Grassland In Yan'an

In this paper,the present situation and the development enforcement engineering of returning cultivated farmland into woodland and grassland in Yan'an city were studied. The main problem existed were analyzed through the method of investigating the area of returning cultivated farmland into woodland and grassland,the forest-type structure,the population related,the policy implement,the basic condition of farmers,and so on , and the development was discussed. The results were as follows:1. The main problem of ecology environment in Yan'an city faced presentlyThere are lots of problems such as bad covered vegetation, non-uniform mass distribution and great discrepancy between the north and the south area. The ecology environment is weak in Yan'an city; Ecology benefit and economy benefit is low because of single low-quality forests which grow slowly; Soil erosion is serious and nature disaster happen frequently.2. Present situation of returning cultivated farmland to woodland and grassland in Yan'an 8450.6 thousand mu forest were planted by the end of 2005, and 90.92% for ecology forests, 9.08% for economic forests; Arbor forests accounts for 70.9%, arboret forests 23.1%, grass 6.0% respectively; There are 228964 farmers participating in returning cultivated farmland to woodland and grassland, in which the fixed farmers are 211662, accounting for 92.4%.3. The project of returning cultivated farmland to woodland and grassland achieved great ecology benefit and economy benefitWith the project of returning farmland to forest, the forests vegetation got back obviously, soil and water conservation effect turned better, ecology environment improved too. The net income increased about 7.3% yearly from 1356 RMB in 1998 up to 1953 RMB in 2004. It makes lots of country labor forces out of agriculture production, so that they have more time and energy to make a living by them besides of traditional agriculture. The farmers can choose reasonable management mode to get more economy benefit from the project of returning farmland to forest, the level of intensive farming of land resource improved optimization, and also the ratio of input to output increased. It not only enhanced the purposefulness of this project but also increased the activeness of enterprise enthusiasm through attracting big corporation, adopting the management model of"enterprise +base + farmer".4. The main problem of the project of enforcement engineering of returning cultivated farmland into woodland and grassland in Yan'anFirst, the project lacks of necessary basic research and full programming. The program was so undetailed that it happens randomly. Second, the project is carried blindness and eager for quick success and instant benefit. Third, the project is not based on the plan at first and goes beyond the state plan, so it resulted in the problem of single forest and serious disaster by rat and rabbit.5. The trend of the project of returning cultivated farmland to woodland and grassland in Yan'an cityFirst, it is important to strengthen the foundation construct of water conservancy and farming, and improve the agriculture comprehensive productive capacity; Second, special industry should be developed and agriculture industrialization also should be advanced; Third, the country labor force should be transferred to resolve the latent unemployment. Fourth, new energy also should be exploited to solve the country energy problem; Fifth, rational migration is the best way to solve their living problem; Finally, the controlled grazing and feeding animals in shed are the best way to consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forest project.