Study On The Landscape Change And Its Ecological Effects In Southern Suburb Of JiNan

Seen from landscape ecology, urban environment pollution, ecological destruction, etcwere caused by no-coordination of urban landscape element and bad landscape pattern. Itgreatly aggravates the function of the urban landscape.In this paper, based on the principle of the landscape ecology, using the remote sense,GIS and a landscape structure analysis program, FRAGSTATS, taking southern suburb ofJINAN as a example, the author studied the landscape pattern, change and ecological effects .The conclusions are as follows:1. Make the landscape database of southern suburb of JinanFirstly, we determined ecological classification of southern suburb landscape, then, buildRS interpretation symbols of these types .On the basis of these data, using GIS (such asArcgis 8.1 and Arcview 3.3), we distinguished landscape elements and built spatial databaseof these types. At last, the landscape type maps of southern suburb of JINAN in 1987,1995and 2003 can be obtained.2. The analysis of landscape pattern and change in southern suburb of JiNanAccording to the three landscape maps in 1987,1995 and 2003, using Arcview 3.3,which have strongly spatial anlysis function and FRAGSTSTS: spatial analysis program forquantifying landscape structure and the change rule , we obtained the following results.(1) Landscape pattern of the southern suburb of JiNan was that the landscape elementswith small patches embed on the ground of farmland matrix, urban land with a largeproportion, rivers and traffic road as a southeast-northwest linear Corridor throughthe whole landscape. In addition to the urban land, the natural landscape types wereseriously fragmental, small patch size and low contagion.(2) During this time from 1987 to 2003, the change characteristic of landscape elementwere farmland,forestland and river area continually decreased, urban land,countryresident area,industrial estate and barren land continually increased, the brush land,sparse-woods,garden plot and grassland fluctuated slightly;as a whole, thelandscape changed from a nature landscape to urbanizing landscape .besides, thechange characteristics and processes of every landscape element were discussed .(3) The changes of landscape pattern of the southern suburb were studied. The resultsshowed that fragmentation aggravated;the landscape diversity index increased,which indicated heterogeneity increased;the constancy index decreased, whichindicated the landscape pattern changed from the infield matrix, good Connectivity tothe badly conjunctional and fragmental pattern;the fractal dimension indexdecreased in 1987-1995, followed by a increase in 1995-2003.(4) The change of landscape pattern is relevant to the urbanization and human activity.4. The analysis of ecological effects in southern suburb of JiNanIt was divided into two levels, which was Landscape ecological effects and elementecological effects. The results of landscape ecological effects as follows:(1) The economic value of ecosystem services in southern suburb in 1987,1995and 2003was estimated with the table of equivalent weight factor of economic value ofecosystem services of china. According to the difference, landscape effects wasquantitatively evaluated which caused by the land use/cover change. The resultsshowed that the economic value of the ecosystem services in southern suburb was1.178×109 yuan.yr –1 in 1987, and 1.016×109yuan . yr –1 in 2003. The ecosystemservices was decreased and the function of the urban landscape was aggravated.(2) The decline of the Environmental quality. The fragmental landscape make the Habitatquality decline and liable to disturb. We select number of patches, average area ofpatches and boundary density for indices to quantify the Environmental quality. Fromthe calculated results, we can see that the degree decreased obviously from 1987 to2003.(3) The intensification of the edge effects. Selecting boundary density and patchboundary length for indices, we quantify the edge effects of landscape types in 1987and 2003. From the calculated results, we can see that the edge effects increasedobviously from 1987 to 2003.(4) The analysis of stability. The transition between different patch types made thecontrast continued, and the comparision of the net edge effect indexes of differentlandscape patches undiminished. These characteristics indicated that patch stabilityinclined to decrease.(5) Analysis of Region ecological risk based on landscape structure. Firstly, anecological risk index was constructed based on the landscape structure. Secondly, thesystem sampling method was used to make it a spatial variance. Finally, Thegeo-statistic method is used to analysis Region ecological risk. The results indicatedthat the area of ecological risk in the study area tended to extend and the strength ofecological risk increased in 2003.In the study of element ecological effects, the author analyzed the change of the holt,flatglebe and urban result in a series of changes in environmental conditions and qualities. Theresults showed that the Reduction of Holt declined the function of the water storage andbiodiversity, aggravated the Soil and water loss;and the decrease of infield make the soildegradation and erosion. The urban land expanding increased the surface water anddecreased the groundwater, furthermore, make water quality deteriorate.