| Tarim River basin is a sensitive area of ecological environment variation, which is also one of the key areas for biodiversity protection and global change researches. The research area belongs to the zigzag zone between the headstreams and the mainstream in Tarim River basin, and it is typical ecological fragile zone and environmental critical zone. Many effects are caused by the utilization of land and water resources. Along with further development and utilization, great changes of landscape pattern and function have been taken place. Based on the research on oasis-desert ecosystem, with the frontier theory of landscape ecology, changes of landscape of Akesu-Awati oasis from 1990 to 2000 are analyzed and the losses of ecological valuation resulted from landscape change are estimated through the technological train of 3S and statistics. Its influencing factors are also identified. The research shows that the changes of landscape are notable. The landscape patches such as cropland, residential site and saline land increase rapidly in contract to reduction of grassland, forest land, water area and wetland to different degree. The fractal dimension and landscape dominance increase while landscape diversity and evenness decline. These changes indicate the disturbance from humankind is continuously enhanced. Both natural and social economical factors influence on landscape to change, but social economical factors are more dominant in the short period. Economy and population are the main influencing factors resulted in cropland change. There are great losses of the economic value of ecosystem services estimated with the table of equivalent weight factor of economic value of ecosystem services of China. The paper puts forwards some suggestions for landscape ecological construction, that is, only by sustainable development of area should achieve the best development of society and economy in the research area.
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