| Land use and land cover change (LUCC) possess significant importance in the global environmental research of sustainable development. Under the situation of rapid development of China's urbanization, industrialization, human activities on the environment have produced huge and lasting pressures on the environment. The ecological problem of sustainable development has become a noteworthy one which affects national safety and it is particularly outstanding in the aspect of territory resource and water resource. It guarantees that the key of ecological sustainable development is the effect of ecological recovery about the LUCC and the ecological interaction of sustainable development and their mutual restriction. With the research of LUCC deepened, the understanding on the regional ecological situation of sustainable development, it has specific aim with the goal, principle, measure and the opinion which make ecology resume. Therefore, the studying of regional LUCC and ecological recovery, sustainable development and the ecological civilized construction for the region is theoretically important and the research results are applicable to the current situation.Lower reaches of the Tarim River are located in Xinjiang YuLi and the boundary of RuoQiang county which is in the east of KuLuKe Desert and the west of Taklamakan Desert. It is known as a very essential transport route from Xinjiang to Qinghai. Taklamakan Desert and KuLuKe Desert, two big deserts are gradually approaching the green corridor which is close to destruction. The deterioration of the water quality of lower reaches Tarim River directly influences LUCC, and thus severely restricts natural, economic, social development. The damaged ecological recovery becomes the important problem of the valley and requires solution in urgent need. Pass as studying district LUCC to carry out scientific analysis, as well as the ecological recovery that based on this foundation is studied . It may be used for lower reaches of the Tarim River which has been well researched on LUCC and ecological recovery. It is a similar region LUCC change and ecological recovery to study to offer theory and method.In a lot of analysis, on the basis of remote sensing and GIS for technical support, through the use of landscape pattern analysis, analysis of images and other method, this article establishes a database and studies the dynamics of land-use and change in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, dividing the district of ecological functions. According to research, it may reach following conclusion.The tendency that goes to 2005 land landscape, the landscape of forest land and grass landscape expression from 1990 to happen to decrease. Do not use land continued increase has the tendency that accelerates increase,water body landscape also shows the tendency of increase. This major is since in recent years the wooden river lower reaches in tower the water that loses repeatedly result. From the landscape index of general layout, see that many shape index changes are not large, degree summary is low. The difference and of 2005 years of 1990 years is 0.95 and 0.75, shows that landscape different quality weakens, ecosystem tends to unstable state. The broken index of entire research district is less, the feature of basal manure has less degree than obvious. Landscape advantage is less, shows that in area, the proportion taken of landscape type has not quite big difference. In a word, the Tarim River whole of lower reaches of ecological environment are in bad state yet, is mainly because of have the most do not use land landscape is basal manure.The whole of this region ecological environment are in bad state yet, prime cause is the increase of population and low effect reclaim wasteland, abandon to plough, since causing lower reaches, water quantity decreases increasingly, arouses surface water and land the channel of offal conversion had been cut off. When evaporating and rising vigorously to take affect go to the fields to enter the water position drops constantly, endure somewhat by sexual strong natural vegetation growth gets restraint, breed to update ability to get damage, shallow root department plant dies because of can not get moisture supply. Lose natural vegetation protective the face of land gradual desertification, along with this process aggravate constantly to cause the Tarim River ecological problem of lower reaches is increasingly serious. What deserve to think deeply is that under the prerequisite of big environmental background, the space-time distribution that has changed water resource merely because of human campaign with artificial the damage of causing valley hydrology process, is serious for arousing the degeneration of ecological environment as this besides, this must strengthen efficiency and the scientific management of valley water resource except explanation to use, have still proved to develop arid district valley hydrology process and the development important meaning of ecological environment that concerns research.For the ecological recovery of lower reaches of the Tarim River, should protect with ecological environment for center, is focal point with the improvement of ecological environment of natural oasis and a oasis desert transitional tape, is breach with vegetation and water body maintenance, is basic with the protection of the ecology of present situation, synthesize with the infrastructure construction of water conservancy as guarantee to weigh economic value and environmental needs, in maintenance is ecological naturally at the same time divide the enlargement of stage artificial oasis ecology, establishment is melted naturally with man-days is one body mount type valley ecosystem. Enforcement is big, district gives birth to control and sub-district optimization construction in order to precaution desertification for focal point, difference break to flow out section definite different ecological recovery goal, when defending the basic last positive reinforced artificial ecology of natural ecology construction. The major measure,including of adjusting control that may be adopted are given birth to, the ecological water that loses, retreat to plough return forest return grass, found oasis ecological construction and economic development mutual the type of movable mould.The research characteristic of this paper lies in: With 3S technologies, with remote sensing, data is basic information, establishment an image of remote sensing sentences to read collection of illustrative plates, will collection of illustrative plates and traditional classfication principle, for studying, district carries out landscape. Classify for studying district an image with computer mainly ( non supervised classification and the method of supervised classification ), visual untie to translate for assist, the method two carries out classfication. Besides with collection of illustrative plates visual used to show that land uses change and landscape pattern indicators used to measure whether the lower reaches of the Tarim River landscape is reasonable, can hold distinctly the regional land change feelings that use space-time general layout to wish, providing the region's landscape and ecological planning with a scientific basis. |
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