Integration And Evaluation Of The Integrated Renovate Technical Modes In 3 Typical Ecological Fragile Areas Of The Upper Reaches Of The Yangtze River

Under the ground of collections of the some comprehensively typical degenerated ecological synthetical repairing technologics in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river, the major recent development of the synthetical repairing technologies in the ecological weak zones was systemly summed up, the adjoint of the macroscopy observe and measure with the microscopic observe and measure was adopted, sensor information observe and measure and labour field study was adjionted, too, so were the long term successive observations with the short term temporary observation and time series with spatial sequence contrast observation method, the repairing effects of the different technological concerning ecological, economical and social benefit were observed and measured, the existing primal problems of various synthetical repairing technologies were put forward.The repairing technological principles,the methods and the quota system about the west degenerated ecosystem synthetically were established in this research, from several different aspects, such as the governing effect and benefit, the ecological suitability as well as the economiccal viability and society acceptability, the existing degenerated holocoenotic synthetical repairing technologies were thoroughly evaluated and conformed, it proved that the remarkably ecological benefits,the economical benefits and the social benefits were acquired. Advanced different kinds of spacial scale and implementary qualification of degenerated ecosystem synthetical repairing technical conditions were discussed, to offer the direction of the selection of the different kinds of degenerated holocoenotic synthetical repairing technologies.The major results returns as follows:1 Synthetical repairing pattern and critical technologies in 3 types of the representative regions were offered.On the basis of analysising to the physical geographical characteristics,the ecological environment characteristics in the ecological weak zones in Minjiang river basin and in the xerothermic valley in the Yuanmou region, the primary pattern configurations,the major technical treatments and the pattern results as well as the feasible generalizing zones were summed up.(1) 5 primary types of the comprehensive treatmental patterns concerning the ecological environment in Minjiang River BasinThe recovery and reconstitution pattern of grain,tree and grass in drought valley region; the economical rehabilitation and reestablish pattern; the quick recovery pattern of the ecological commonweal woods in representative sub-mountains areas; the ecological function recovery and regulation and control pattern of the low-efficiency defoliation broadleaf and frutex in the mid-mountains area; the management model of the highly efficiency agriculture and forestry recombination.(2) 4 primary types of the comprehensive treatmental patterns of the ecological environment in low-mountain hill area in the circumference of Sichuan BasinThe economical forest model with mulberry and fruit by net-cropping ; the economical forest model in sloping field alley-cropping conserving soil and ridge; the mixed and integrated model of timber forest and eco-forest; the remedial model of soil and water loss in low-mountains hill in the circumference of Sichuan Basin.(3) 3 types of environmental comprehensive treatment patterns set up in the degenerated ecosystem in Yuanmou xerothermic valley, which concretely composed of 11 types of disposition patterns.The revegetation and farming ecological governing pattern mostly included 3 types of the patterns, which were the rainfed ecosystem synthetica governing pattern,the catchment irrigating ecological agriculture pattern and the eco-agriculture model of hydrophile to irrigate.The recombination manage model of agriculture and forestry in the degraded lands mostly composed of 4 models, which were the management model of agroforestry in dam circumference in low-mountains hill areas, the management model of mixed with Fructus Tamarindi-crop by Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the management model of food and woody nitrogen fixing plant in the bottom and sloping land in Ningnan xerothermic valley, and the management model of agroforestry in the stereo-farming developing.The model of the returning land for farming to forestry mostly composed of 4 models, which were the production forest pattern,the ecology woods pattern,the timber forest pattern and the stereo pattern mixed with woods and grass.2 The construction of the pattern evaluation quota system in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river.On the grounds of the ecosystem healthy notion,the objective mark and the index system brought forward by the China 21th Century Agendum, combined to the local ecological environmental governing practical situation, 3 main body indices of ecology assessment,economical assessment and social one were set up in order to faithfully reflect the synthetical repairing level of the west ecosystem; 10 item sorting indices concerning on the vegetative cover status,the land resources and circumstance as well as the flexibility were then set up to reflect the fundamental content of each main body indices; the 30 colony indices with regard to the vegetative cover survival rate,the preservation rate,water loss and soil erosion proportion,the system stability,the boorish income increasing rate and the generalization were consequently set up, so the four levels of the west degenerated ecosystem repairing technologies and the evaluating index system about these models were systemly established.3 Systemic integration and the suitability appraise of the critical technologies about the ecological governing patterns in the typical ecological fragile areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. On the basis of the comprehensive collections of data and the experts opinions, the synergistic evaluations to each governing pattern were processed mostly by analytical hierarchy process.(1) The upper reaches in the valley of Minjiang RiverAccording to the ecological effect, the effects of the ecological agriculture and forestry economical rehabilitation with reestablish pattern in the drought valley region was distinctly best to the rest 3 patterns, the second better one was the representative sub-mountains ecological commonweal woods quick recovery pattern, whereas the ecological effect of the grain,tree and grass recovery and reconstitution model in the drought valley region was not as good as that of the ecological function recovery and regulation and control patter of the mid-mountains low-efficiency defoliation broadleaf frutex woods. As the mention of the economic benefit, the high-effective recombination agriculture and forestry management model might as well the best one, then, the ecological agriculture and forestry economical rehabilitation with reestablish pattern in the drought valley region, the rest 3 patterns had no obvious differences, all in all, 5 types of the models had effectively taken the relatively ideality coherent social benefit.(2) The low-mountain hills in Sichuan Basin cycleAt the mention of ecological benefit, the water loss and soil erosion repairing pattern of the low-mountains was distinctively better than the rest 3 patterns, yet, its economic benefit was not as good as the others; then the water and soil conservation wold timber forest mixed with the production forest come next, whereas the ecological effect of the farm land forest network with sorosis production forest model was not as good as the production forest pattern of the sloping field tree belt to conserve the soil and the ridge.As far as the economic benefit was concerned, the effect of the farm land forest network with sorosis production forest model was better, then that of the production forest pattern of the sloping field tree belt to conserve the soil and the ridge, the next one was the model mixed with water and soil conservation wold timber forest and the production forest.(3) The degenerated ecosystem in the xerothermic valley in Yuanmou regionâ‘ In the revegetation and farming ecological governing patterns, the ecological effect of the rainfed ecological system synthetical governing pattern obviously was better than the rest 2 patterns, yet, its economic benefit was unconspicuous.The hydrophile irrigation ecological agriculture pattern had the preferable ecological effect, as well as the preferable economic benefit, whereas the ecological effect of the catchment irrigating ecological agriculture model was not as good as the former 2 types.â‘¡In the management model of agroforestry in degenerative lands, the ecological effect of the management model of mixed with Fructus Tamarindi-crop by Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the xerothermic valley of the Yuanmou region was distinctly better than the rest 3 patterns, yet, its economic benefit was not special; the ecological effect of the agriculture and forestry recombination managemental model in the dam cycle low-mountains hill of the valley got the secondly ecological effect. The management model of food and woody nitrogen fixing plant in Ningnan bottom and sloping land of the xerothermic valley of the Yuanmou region got the best economic benefit than the management model of agroforestry in Miyi stereo-farming developing.â‘¢In the primary forestation patterns of returning land for farming to forestry, the stereo pattern mixed with woods and grass got a little better ecological effect than the other 3 patterns; the ecological woods pattern comes next, whereas the ecological effect of the production forest was not as good as that of the timber forest pattern, yet, the timber forest pattern got the relatively ideal economic benefit.According to the results of the appraise, all kinds of governing patterns had taken the equally relatively ideal effect.Under the logos of the ecological recovery and reconstitution in frailty ecosystem , all kinds of governing patterns got the notable ecological effect. In the region that emphasized economic benefit, the social benefit was also gotten as well as the ecological effect, at the same time, the social benefit was also gotten in all kinds of governing patterns by all means.Synthetically, it's well-balanced by means of developing the ecology benefit,the economic benefit and the social benefit in the course of governing the west ecological environment.4 All kinds of accommodation areas and the generalizing patterns of those ecological governing models were put forward, as well as the relevant system guarantee in 3 typical frailty regions.(1) The generalizing patterns of the ecological comprehensive treatments The generalizing pattern which was constituted by five parts which were "depot+corporation+peasant household+government+research unit"; the government owned generalizing pattern; the unified incorporation generalizing pattern; the combined exploitation and generalize pattern shared by the hamlet and group; the generalizing pattern demonstrated by the representative rich families; the generalizing pattern made up by the corporation +peasant household; the generalizing pattern exploited by the workman returned to village; the generalizing pattern to aid the poor families; the generalizing pattern by solding waste to urge to exploit.(2) The generalizing approaches of the ecological comprehensive treatments Piloted by the local government; shared by the cororations; managed by the rich family; joint stock system combined by hamlet and group; managed by government; managed by the ecological migration.(3) The generalizing guarantee system of the ecological comprehensive treatment patternsInnovate the system of the land property right; innovate the tissue of the agricultural production working; upgrade the western farming industrial structure; push the farming scale management; push farming scientific technical progress; expedite the township enterprise development; increase the west agricultural competitive power; set up the technology transfer system of the modern agriculture.