Part 1:controlling Nutritional Status(CONUT) As A Novel Postoperative Prognostic Marker In Breast Cancer Patients Part 2:the Expression And Prognostic Value Of DDR2 In Breast Cancer,and Its Effect On The Biological Behavior Of Breast Cancer

Purpose and Objective:The Controlling Nutritional Status(CONUT)Score,a novel indicator that reflects the immune and nutritional status,has been closely associated with prognosis in many cancer types.However,the prognostic significance of the CONUT score in breast cancer is studied rarely.The aim of this study is to elucidate the clinical significance of potential prognostic significance and clinical value of Controlling nutritional status(CONUT)for evaluating breast cancer patients.Methods:A total of 381 cases were enrolled in this study,and 194 cases were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy,187 cases were enrolled as control.All patients were from Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2010 to December 2016 were selected in this study.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of CONUT score,and according to this were categorized into two groups:high CONUT score(≥1)and,low CONUT score(<1).The clinicopathological variables were evaluated by Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.Kaplan-Meier assay was used to analyze Disease-free survival(DFS)and Overall survival(OS)time,and compared by Log Rank method.The relevant prognostic factors were analyzed by Univariate and multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Models.Results:The results indicated that CONUT score had prognostic significance by optimal cutoff value of 1 in univariate and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses for DFS(P<0.001,hazard ratio[HR]:3.184,95%CI:1.786-5.677;and P<0.001,HR:2.465,95%CI:1.642-3.700)and OS(P<0.001,HR:2.326,95%CI:1.578-3.429;and P<0.001,HR:2.775,95%CI:1.791-4.300).The mean DFS and OS for the entire population in the low CONUT score group were 41.59 months(95%CI:37.66-45.51 months)and 77.34 months(95%CI:71.79-82.90 months).And the mean DFS and OS for the entire population in the high CONUT score group were 39.18 months(95%CI:34.41-43.95 months)and 71.30 months(95%CI:65.47-77.12 months).Moreover,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis performed that patients in the high CONUT score group had significant worse survival compared with those who in the low CONUT score group with respect to DFS and OS(Log-rank test,DFS:χ2=12.900,P=0.0003,and OS:χ2=16.270,P<0.0001).Conclusions:The CONUT is a novel independent prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer,and can help the survival times of patients with breast cancer.Moreover,the CONUT score is an advantageous biomarker as a result of its easy,convenient,and feasible features in daily practice.Background and Purpose:DDR2 is highly expressed in a variety of tumors,especially in aggressive tumors,such as brain tumor,digestive tract tumor,ovarian cancer,and so forth.In this study,we aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic value of DDR2 in breast cancer,and its effect on the biological behavior of breast cancer cells.Methods:We enrolled 163 patients with breast cancer from Jan 2009 to Dec 2015 in our hospital,and the expression of DDR2 in breast cancer and adjacent normal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.The ImageScope was used to evaluate the score of DDR2,and was divided into two groups:Low DDR2 group and High DDR2 group.The categorical variables in clinicopathologic database were presented as frequencies and percentages(%)and compared using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.The clinical outcomes of DFS and OS were calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and compared using log rank test.The independent prognostic factors and prognostic value were performed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model.The CCK assay,colony formation assay,Transwell assay,Flow CytoMetry,wound healing assay were used to detect the cell proliferation,invasion and migration,apoptosis,movement capability.The experimental results were performed by t-test or one-way ANOVA,and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis.Results:The expression of DDR2 in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues.The mean DFS and median OS were better for breast cancer patients with DDR2 low expression than for those with DDR2 high expression x2=6.334,P=0.012 andχ2=4.670,P=0.031).The survival time of DFS and OS with low DDR2 expression was significantly higher than that with high DDR2 expression.The CCK assay,colony formation assay shown that DDR2 overexpression could enhance the proliferation of tumor cells.Transwell assay and wound healing assay shown that DDR2 overexpression could enhance the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells.Conclusions:The expression of DDR2 in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues,and patients with high DDR2 expression had worse prognosis.DDR2 could enhance the proliferation,invasion and migration of breast cancer cells.DDR2 may be used as a molecular marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.