| Objective: To examine the relationship between smoking and serum lipid and the effect of age on relationship between smoking and serum lipid in China’s rural areas.Methods:An epidemiological investigation was conducted in May, 2008 in Anqing and Lianyungang rural areas. Content including questionnaire investigations, physical examination and laboratory biochemical tests. Random sampling was in people of 45 to 75. Standardized questionnaire investigations were used to collect information on health, smoking status and other factors. Regular physical examinations were to obtain relevant basic variable. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured at the core lab of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated using Friedewald equation. Exclude the missing value of relevant variables. The difference of serum lipid among never smokers, former smokers and current smokers were compared. Association between smoking and serum lipid were estimated using multiple linear regression.Results:(1) 26516 participants were included in the data analysis, 10066(38%) were males and 16450(62%) were female. The average age(SD) of the general population was 60.2(7.6) years of age, 61.2(7.6) years for male and 59.6(7.5) for female. The participants were divided into two groups according to age, young group(age < 60 years old), 13096(49.4%), elder group(age 60 or higher), 13420(50.6%). There were 5811(21.9%) current smokers, 1911(7.2%)former smokers and 18794(70.9%) never smokers in overall; In male, there were 5261(52.3%) current smokers, 1707(17.0%)former smokers and 3098(30.8%) never smokers; In female there were 550(3.3%), current smokers, 204(1.2%) former smokers and 15696(95.4%) never smokers(2) Univariate linear regression analysis showes that serum triglyceride was significantly lower(β=0.53, SE=0.53, P=0.002) and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher(β=0.62, SE=0.08, P<0.001) in current smoker than in never smokes for male. There was not any significant association between former smoking and serum lipids. Serum total cholesterol(β=2.99, SE=0.47, P<0.001), high density lipoprotein(β=0.31, SE=0.31, P=0.027) and low density lipoprotein(β=2.58, SE=0.42, P<0.001) were significantly higher in current smoker than in never smoker for female; Serum total cholesterol(β=2.31, SE=2.31, P=0.003), triglycerides(β=1.23, SE=1.23, P=0.020) and low density lipoprotein(β=1.90, SE=1.90, P=0.006) were significantly higher in former smoke than in non-smokers for female. After adjustment for age, region, body mass index, alcohol consumption, the intensity of labor and edible oil, serum triglyceride(β=0.37,S.E.=0.16,P=0.020) was significantly higher and high density lipoprotein(β=-0.25,S.E.=0.08,P=0.001) was significantly lower in male current smokers than in never smokers. Serum triglyceride(β=0.42, SE=0.42, P=0.046) was significantly higher in male former smokes than in never smokers. Serum total cholesterol(β=1.28,S.E.=0.46,P=0.005) and low density lipoprotein(β=1.15,S.E.=0.41,P=0.006) were significantly higher in female current smokers than in never smokers. There was not any significant association between former smoking and serum lipids.(3) After stratified by age, we had not found any significant association between smoking and serum lipids in young group(age... |
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