Research On The Influence Of Industrial Agglomeration On Global Value Chain Upgrading Of Manufacturing Industry

Since the reform and opening up,China has actively participated in the international industrial division and gradually integrated into the global value chain,becoming the "world's factory" and a big manufacture by virtue of its "demographic dividend" and natural resource endowment advantages.However,a big manufacture is not necessarily a strong manufacture.Under the background of China's economy shifting from high-speed growth to high-quality development,the report of the 19 th national congress of the communist party of China proposed to "cultivate a number of world-class advanced manufacturing clusters and promote China's industries to move to the middle and high end of the global value chain".It has become a strategic choice for China's manufacturing industry to enhance industrial agglomeration and promote the upgrading of the manufacturing industry in the global value chain.Therefore,how to realize the upgrading of manufacturing industry from technology upgrading,product upgrading and function upgrading to global value chain upgrading,from price competition relying on cost advantages to non-price competition of technology,quality and added value,and from " elements driven" to "innovation driven" has become an urgent issue to be discussed and solved.In this process,the external effect of industrial agglomeration has played an important role of manufacturing industry to upgrade,therefore,reveal the mechanism of industrial agglomeration promoting the upgrading of Chinese manufacturing industry in the global value chain,to promote the development of China's manufacturing industry on a new step,and transform manufacturing from big to strong,have important theory meaning and realistic meaning.This paper discusses the promotion of global value chain upgrading of manufacturing industry by industrial agglomeration from the following aspects:First,build the theoretical framework of industrial agglomeration to promote the upgrading of global value chain of manufacturing industry.On the basis of comprehensive literature at home and abroad,to deconstruct the global value chain upgrade.The upgrading of global value chain of manufacturing industry is divided into four levels of dynamic evolution:technology upgrading-product upgrading-function upgrading-chain upgrading,explore the industrial agglomeration to promote manufacturing technology,the quality of export products,export of domestic value-added ascend to the theoretical mechanism of global value chain upgrading.It lays a theoretical foundation for industrial agglomeration to promote global value chain upgrading of manufacturing industry.Second,Measurement and realistic characteristics of China's industrial agglomeration and global value chain status of manufacturing industry.On the basis of defining industrial agglomeration and global value chain of manufacturing industry,this paper compares the measurement methods of industrial agglomeration and global value chain upgrading of manufacturing industry.The data at the enterprise level are used to calculate the industrial agglomeration index EG,and the production chain length method is selected to calculate the global value chain status.By comparing with other countries,this paper analyzes the status and changes of China's industrial agglomeration,urban agglomeration development,and the status changes of manufacturing and its segments in global value chain.Third,empirical analysis on the influence of industrial agglomeration on global value chain upgrading of manufacturing industry.Firstly,select the appropriate control variables and use the panel fixed effect model to examine the impact of industrial agglomeration on global value chain upgrading in manufacturing.Secondly,select appropriate instrumental variables to check whether there is any endogeneity problem.Finally,the robustness test is carried out to investigate whether the conclusion is robust and reliable.Fourth,analysis on the influence of heterogeneous industrial agglomeration on global value chain upgrading in manufacturing industry.Based on the definition of urban agglomeration heterogeneity,industry heterogeneity and enterprise heterogeneity,expounds the economic effect of industrial agglomeration from the level of city agglomeration,industry and enterprise,and used the interaction term model to test the differential effect of heterogeneous industrial agglomeration on global value chain upgrading of manufacturing industry.Fifth,examine the mechanism of industrial agglomeration promoting global value chain upgrading of manufacturing industry.Firstly,the theoretical model of industrial agglomeration promoting the upgrading of manufacturing technology,the upgrading of export product quality and the improvement of export domestic added value is constructed.Secondly,the indicators used to represent the upgrading of manufacturing technology,the upgrading of export product quality and the improvement of export domestic added value are measured.Finally,the mediating effect model is used to examine the mediating effect of manufacturing technology,export product quality and export domestic added value in the process of industrial agglomeration promoting global value chain upgrading of manufacturing industry.This paper draws the following main conclusions: on the whole,China's industrial agglomeration shows an upward trend,which may be affected by the impact of the financial crisis and turn point in 2008.In addition,when the regional division is consistent,the more detailed the industry division(two-digit to four-digit manufacturing),the higher of the concentration.When industry division is consistent,the more detailed the regional division is(provincial to county level),the lower of the agglomeration level is.The industrial agglomeration of China's urban agglomerations shows that the three major urban agglomerations of the Pearl River Delta,Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei have high agglomeration levels,while the four major urban agglomerations of Chengdu-Chongqing,middle reaches of Yangtze River,Central Plains and Guanzhong Plain have relatively low agglomeration levels.Compared with developed countries,China's manufacturing agglomeration is still far from enough.The GVC status index of China's manufacturing industry generally shows a w-shaped change,hovering over the bottom in 2008 and 2012,and the index is less than 1.The analysis of the global value chain status index of the manufacturing sector shows that some industries are in the lower reaches of the global value chain with weak competitiveness.Compared with the United States,Japan and Germany,China's GVC status index is relatively high in labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries and relatively low in technology-intensive industries.Second,empirical analysis shows that industrial agglomeration significantly promotes the upgrading of global value chain in the manufacturing industry and presents an "inverted U" shape.The value of industrial agglomeration at the extreme value point of "inverted U" curve is 0.241,and samples with industrial agglomeration level less than 0.241 account for 97.82% of the total sample number,indicating that the positive externalities brought by manufacturing agglomeration are far greater than the negative externalities,and the phenomenon of industrial excessive agglomeration has not yet arrived.Third,among the heterogeneous urban industrial agglomeration,the industrial agglomeration of the Yangtze River Delta has the most promoting effect on the upgrading of global value chain of the manufacturing industry,followed by the Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,and the industrial agglomeration of the urban agglomeration of ChengduChongqing,middle reaches of the Yangtze River,Central Plains and Guanzhong Plain has not shown any promoting effect.Among heterogeneous industry agglomeration,technologyintensive industry agglomeration plays a significant role in promoting global value chain of manufacturing industry,the agglomeration effect of capital-intensive and labor-intensive industries is not significant.In the heterogeneous industrial agglomeration of enterprises,the agglomeration of private enterprises plays a significant role in promoting the global value chain upgrading of the manufacturing industry,while the agglomeration of state-owned and foreignfunded enterprises play a significant role in inhibiting it.Fourth,industrial agglomeration promotes the upgrading of manufacturing technology,export product quality and domestic added value of export,while manufacturing technology,export product quality and domestic added value of export play an intermediary effect between industrial agglomeration and global value chain upgrading.On the basis of the above research,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions: First,support the development of industrial agglomeration and give full play to the positive externalities of industrial agglomeration;Second,make full use of the advantages of industrial agglomeration,"improve the industrial technology level","improve the quality of export products","enhance the domestic added value of export",and promote the upgrading of global value chain of manufacturing industry;Third,support the integrated development of "industrial chain","innovation chain" and "value chain",build a global value chain ecology,and promote the rise of manufacturing industry to the middle and high end of the global value chain;Fourth,promote industrial agglomeration development "adjust measures to local conditions","promote development according to the industry","implement policies according to the enterprise";Fifth,develop service-oriented manufacturing and extend the value chain;Sixth,actively utilize the spillover effect of FDI to improve the global value chain status of the manufacturing industry;Seventh,promote the rational and orderly transfer of industries and reduce the losses caused by the crowding effect of industrial agglomeration.