| The Badain Jaran Desert is the second largest mobile desert in China.In 2020,the mega-dunes-lakes in Badain Jaran Desert is listed as the nominated property of world natural heritage site.Badain Jaran Desert is a precious natural heritage endowed by nature.It has not only significant scientific research value,but also great aesthetic value.However,the Badain Jaran Desert and other deserts in the world,there is no discussion on the form of aesthetic value.This paper is an attempt in the field of desert aesthetics,integrating aesthetic principles and aeolian geomorphology theory.Through questionnaire survey,photo and remote sensing image data analysis,field investigation and other methods,this paper analyzes the aesthetic perception elements of mega-dunes,discussing the aesthetic value of the main aesthetic elements.(1)The main aesthetic elements of mega-dunes are determined.According to the questionnaire survey to obtain what the respondents thought including the most beautiful desert landscape type,aesthetic experience,formal beauty elements,tourism activities preference,etc.The overall perception of desert landscape was 4.7 points(the max value was 5 points).The most beautiful landscape type is the combination of mega-dunes-lakes.The top three elements of desert formal beauty are fine lines,color and sound.The first aesthetic impression is the undulating sand dune shape,and the curve is the main desert image.The top three tourism activities preferred by the respondents were mountain climbing,sand sea surfing,desert star watching(or sunrise and sunset),which tended to be natural aesthetic activities.The survey results discussed the perception elements of desert aesthetics in the framework of natural beauty,landscape aesthetics and desert aesthetics.The curve lines are the major position of fine lines.(2)The line beauty of the mega-dunes.The ridge lines of sand dunes and different types of sand dunes extend linearly,showing the characteristics of straight line,curve,interwoven line and secondary line,with a sense of rhythm,order and rhythm.Straight line gives people the feeling of strength,stability,firmness,indomitability and striving upward;the extensive development of compound crescent sand dunes,crescent sand dunes chains show a curved world of the desert;the spatial pattern of grid shaped megadunes-lakes and network dunes shows unique interwoven lines,reflecting the rich features of sand dune landform The beauty of form also reflects the important role of wind in shaping the landform;the secondary lines of sand dunes formed by huma n activities and other organisms also add visual guidance lines for desert movement.(3)The color beauty of mega-dunes landform.The color landscape in Badain Jaran Desert is mainly natural color landscape,including sand dune color,lake color,rock painting color,canyon color,animal and plant color and strange stone color.The color characteristics of aeolian sand landform reflect the visual effects of different colors,light and shadow of sediments.The difference of desert color is mainly related to the type of sand sediment mineral,desert paint,light and shadow.The main colors of desert lakes are blue and green,which are the result of the scattering,refraction and absorption of sunlight by lake water.In addition,desert animals and plants enrich the spatial form,increasing the light and shadow changes and spatial color contrast of desert.(4)The beautiful soundscape of the megadunes.Desert soundscape is mainly composed of geophysical sound,biological sound and artificial sound.Singing sand and camel bell are the signs in the desert,reflecting the unique characteristics of regiona 1 culture.Among the natural sounds in the desert,the sound level of singing sand is the highest,and it has the phenomenon of self-singing "chorus",which reflects the rhythm of natural music.According to the sound source,the characteristi cs of sound field are studied,dividing the sound environment into six regions.The research on the sound mechanism of sofa sound reflects the diversity and unity of sand sound phenomenon.The respondents' favorite desert sound element was spring sound.In contrast,the most disgusting sound elements of respondents were vehicle sound and artificial sound.There was a significant correlation between sound preference and visual landscape coordination,but no significant correlation between other acoustic para meters and evaluation.Therefore,the decisive factor for the popularity of desert soundscape is its coordination.The aesthetic value of the megadunes landform is unique.In order to further refine the aesthetic value of Badain Jaran Desert,combined with the aesthetic standards of World Natural Heritage and World Natural Heritage Guide,12 desert natural heritages,heritage nominated sites and Asian arid deserts are selected for global comparative analysis.It is concluded that Badain Jaran Desert meets the aesthetic standards of world natural heritage,and the aesthetic value of Badain Jaran Desert is summarized as following:The Badain Jaran Desert is the most concentrated area of megadunes in the world,with towering and majestic large-area,rare combined landscape of sand mountains and lakes in the world,diversing wind sand landforms,clear and changeable natural curves,straight lines and intersecting lines,as well as spectacular and peculiar weathering features such as tafonis and wind erosion canyons,showing a shocking impression with three dimensional desert visual effect.The bright light,the bright starry sky,the landscape changes of desert biota related to season,time and weather,the singing sand in the wind and other aeolian landforms,as well as prehistoric rock carvings(rock paintings)and ancient desert temples together bring the world a variety of aesthetic feelings,comprehensively displaying the extremely high aesthetic value of morphological change,color change and sound change.The Badain Jaran Desert has incomparable aesthetic value compared with other regions,which is the best example to supplement the blank of arid and semi-arid desert landscape in the world heritage list.At present,the Badain Jaran Desert is in the cruci al stage of applying for world natural heritage.The in-depth excavation and research on the aesthetic value of Badain Jaran Desert will enrich both the desert aesthetic theory and practical significance in clarifying its natural heritage value,promoting the development of tourism resources and environmental protection in the desert area. |
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