The Spatial Pattern And Evolution Mechanism Of These Specialized Villages In The Yellow River Basion

After the reform and opening up,although China's economic development has entered the fast lane,the issues of “ agriculture,rural areas and farmers” stills remains prominent.Based on the background of the implementation of the two strategies of precision poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,this article started with the specialized villages,the most active part in rural economic development,and the constructed the analysis framework based on regional theory,spatial structure theory,intrinsic development theory and spatial interface theory,and at last took specialized villages in the Yellow River Basin as an empirical research object.Firstly,we statisticed and generalized the pattern of spatial distribution of specialized villages and their evolutionary characteristics from various perspectives;Secondly,we compared the factors of specialized village spatial distribution in the whole Yellow River Basin and its sub-regions(upper,middle,and lower Yellow River basins)with Geographical Detectors at the county scale;Finally,through on-the-spot investigation at typical case areas,it is found that the factors that affect the distribution of specialized village locations are more abundant and the analysis is more comprehensive,and thus it is better to explain the distribution pattern and evolution mechanism of specialized villages.The following are the main findings of this article:(1)The distribution pattern and evolution of specialized villages in space can be divided into three kinds of situations for individual specialized villages.Multiple specialized villages can form a variety of special village space interfaces.In the first case,the endogenous source of specialized villages is more important than that of exogenous sources.In specialized villages with better endogenous conditions,exogenous forces stimulate positive endogenous sources through channels and promote further expansion of endogenous sources.We call this type of endogenous specialized villages,and the location of the specialized village is mainly based on natural factors.The negative external force will inhibit the expansion of the source of specialized villages,and even lead to the demise of specialized villages.In the second case,the exogenous source of specialized villages is more important than endogenous sources.When the effects of various factors outside specialized villages are positive,they will promote agglomeration of source elements inside specialized villages,which will play a significant role in promoting the development of internal sources.We call that exogenous specialized village.At this time,the location of specialized villages is mainly based on human factors.It includes both the human factors in the source of the specialized village and the human factors in the external source of the specialized village.If the external factors inhibit the further development of the internal source,it may lead to the disappearance of specialized villages.In the third case,the endogenous source of professional villages is equal to exogenous sources.If the external force is positive,then the expansion of specialized villages will be promoted,while the external force negative,then will result in the disappearance of specialized villages.The inner and outer sources of specialized villages interact and integrate with each other,which can achieve a balanced state of harmony.At this time,there are not only new specialized villages,but also some specialized villages disappeared.Eventually,in a specific time and space,it will form a variety of specialized village spatial interfaces.Through case studies,we can not only objectively and comprehensively learn the distribution pattern and evolution characteristics of specialized villages,but also enrich and improve the location theory and endogenous development theory.The spatial interface theory is rich and complete.(2)Multi-scale comprehensive analysis of the distribution pattern and evolution mechanism of specialized villages in the Yellow River BasinThis paper analyzed the distribution pattern and evolution mechanism of specialized villages in the Yellow River Basin through the whole basin,county units and typical case areas.This is very different from the conclusions of small-scale research.This paper has both large-sample data(whole basin and county scale)and small sample(typical case areas)field survey data.The organic combination of the two can summarize the influencing factors of the distribution of more specialized villages on a wider scale,and it is more universally meaningful.At the same time,it also gives good references and guidances to develope specialized villages for agricultural areas.(3)The distribution pattern of specialized villages in the Yellow River Basin is clustered and distributed.The specialized villages in the Yellow River Basin are clustered mainly in the Guanzhong region and the lower reaches of the Yellow River,and the degree of agglomeration appears to increase first and then decrease with the spatial distance increasing.At the county level,specialized villages are clustered in suburban areas,townships,and rural hinterlands.Among them,the leading industries of the suburban agglomeration type are diverse,and the agglomeration patterns are circular or semicircular;the leading industries of the township agglomeration are mostly the same leading industries or related industries,and the agglomeration patterns are often clustered;the rural hinterland types are often clustered by townships.To further develop the morphology,its form is often lumpy.(4)The specialized villages in the Yellow River Basin are mainly distributed in low-altitude,small-gradient,and sunny areas,and along rivers,highways,and administrative boundary lines.They are distributed in strips,and their number and density gradually increase with the buffer distance from rivers,highways,or administrative boundary lines.The factors affecting location distribution change from natural factors to human factors.(5)The location of specialized villages in Ledu District is mainly driven by internal sources.Its distribution is determined by natural factors such as topography,rivers,climate,and soil.With the stimulation of funds,preferential policies and technologies,professional villages developed rapidly.The driven force of development of specialized villages in Zhouzhi County transformed from internal to external source.The natural factors(topography,soil,climate and plant resources)and human factors(technical,government support,brand,etc.)are all important.The distribution of specialized villages in Shouguang City is mainly driven by external sources.The location is mainly determined by human factors such as enabling people,innovative technologies,systems and culture,market and government support.Possible innovations in this article:(1)Comprehensively use location theory,spatial structure theory,intrinsic development theory and spatial interface theory to analyze the distribution pattern and evolution of specialized village location,and construct an analysis framework of “specialized village spatial interface based on endogenous development”.(2)This paper has established a comprehensive research database of specialized villages in the Yellow River Basin,and can then conduct multi-scale comprehensive analysis of Specialized villages.There are both statistical analysis of large sample data and small sample of field survey data.The organic combination of the two can summarize the influence factors of more specialized village location distributions on a larger scale,and the conclusion is more scientific and reasonable.