Research On The Optimal Allocation And Distribution Method Of The Emergency Medical Relief Materials For Earthquakes

Earthquakes,as a sudden and strong natural disaster,are extremely destructive,seriously threatening the survival and development of human beings,and even bring great challenges to the stability of the country and society,such as the Wenchuan earthquake,the Yushu earthquake and the Ya’an earthquake,etc.The characteristics of earthquakes make the medical rescue task heavy and urgent.The disaster areas need a large variety of the emergency medical relief materials to meet their medical rescue and health and epidemic prevention needs.Some problems must be considered when researching the allocation and dispatch of the emergency medical relief materials after earthquakes,such as whether the allocation information of the emergency medical relief materials is accurate and the allocation plan is scientific,how to improve the effectiveness and timeliness of the emergency medical relief materials distribution and whether it can meet the allocation needs of the emergency medical relief materials,etc.According to the practical experience of the earthquake relief work in the past,there are still several problems to be solved in the allocation and dispatch of the emergency medical relief materials after the earthquake.Firstly,according to the geographical environment of the disaster area,the demand for the emergency medical relief materials,and the feasibility of the location of alternative emergency facilities,how to select the location and the quantity of the emergency facilities,so as to reduce the distribution cost and the delivery time.Secondly,according to the terrain of the disaster area,the road connectivity of the rescue points,and the advantages and disadvantages of different distribution modes,how to determine the most suitable combination of various distribution modes for each rescue point,so as to ensure that the emergency medical relief materials will be distributed to the relief points within the prescribed time limit.Thirdly,according to the maximum capacity and the delivery speed of the distribution tools,the road connectivity of each rescue point,and the time window limitation of each rescue point,how to plan the most suitable and the most efficient distribution route of the emergency medical relief materials,so as to exert the maximum rescue efficiency of the emergency medical relief materials.Aiming at the above problems,from the theoretical perspective of the earthquake emergency medical rescue,combined with the experience of the emergency medical rescue work in earthquakes at home and abroad,this paper constructs the allocation model of the medical relief materials for earthquakes,and discusses the optimal dispatch mode of the medical relief materials for earthquakes.The purpose of this paper is to improve the effectiveness of the medical rescue measures and the utilization rate of the medical relief materials.This paper mainly completes the following work and draws corresponding conclusions:(1)Research on the typical emergency medical relief materials for earthquakes.Take the demand characteristics of medical relief materials for earthquakes as the research perspective,and take the typical national medical rescue teams as the research object.It is based on the principle of "integrated classification,hierarchical allocation,structural optimization and flexible combination",and characterized by "miniaturization,portability,modularization,motorization and integration".According to the function and task scope of the module,combine the necessary equipment varieties,and then a modular integrated configuration scheme for the equipment is formed,which includes eight general modules and a special module.The eight general modules consist of classification command module,surgery module,intensive care module,ward module,X-ray module,inspection module,pharmacy module and comprehensive support module.They are responsible for the emergency treatment and some special treatment tasks.A supplementary module is earthquake relief module to complete the earthquake relief medical rescue task.The above modules can be flexibly combined according to the task scale and the security requirements.(2)Research on the allocation model of emergency medical relief materials for earthquakes.Combining with different situational factors,four typical allocation models of the emergency medical relief materials are constructed,which are multi-objective model under the condition of sufficient or insufficient emergency medical relief materials supply,and dynamic model of discontinuous or continuous emergency medical relief materials supply.These four types of models basically cover the main situations faced by medical emergency rescue for earthquakes,and there is a difference between the main situational elements among the models.In practical applications,if facing different optimization objectives and constraints from these four types of models,these models can be combined and extended to expand the application scope of these allocation models.(3)Research on the LRP model and the algorithm of the emergency medical relief materials distribution in post-earthquake emergency response phase.Based on optimization theory and mathematical modeling method,a single-level LRP model of emergency medical relief materials distribution in post-earthquake emergency response stage is constructed,with the objective of minimizing the total system time-consuming.Combining the characteristics of the model,based on the idea of two-stage heuristic algorithm of location-allocation-first and route-second,a designed heuristic algorithm is proposed and the complexity of the algorithm is analysed.The example analysis shows that the two algorithms can both solve the LRP model effectively,but the heuristic algorithm has better performance,higher computational efficiency and better solution.(4)Research on the multi-period LRP model and the algorithm for multi-mode dispatch of the emergency medical relief materials in post-earthquake.In the perspective of different periods,a multi-level LPR for multi-mode dispatch of the emergency medical relief materials after the earthquake is studied.By comprehensively considering the factors such as the time window constraints in the emergency logistics network,the fuzzy demand of each rescue point,the damage of local lines in the road network and its dynamic repair,the multi-mode dispatch of emergency medical relief materials and the random driving time of the vehicles,we have developed a multi-period and fuzzy LRP model for multi-modal distribution of the emergency medical relief materials in post-earthquake with a limited period.The goal of this model is to minimize the total time in delivering emergency medical relief materials to reach demand points.According to the characteristics of the model,a hybrid heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the model,and the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by examples with different scale parameters.The example shows that this algorithm has a high efficiency and can effectively realize the supply of the emergency medical relief materials after the earthquake within the specified period.This model and algorithm are especially suitable for the emergency rescue scenarios where the emergency medical relief materials demand of rescue points can not be accurately determined after the earthquake,the driving time of vehicles is random due to the traffic network damage,and emergency medical relief materials must be distributed by various supply modes due to the existence of some "connected islands" in the road network.(5)Research on the LRP model and the algorithm for multi-mode and fair dispatch of the emergency medical relief materials in post-earthquake.Based on the perspective of fairness,a multi-level LPR for multi-mode dispatch of the emergency medical relief materials in post-earthquake is studied.By comprehensively considering the factors such as the time window constraints in the emergency logistics network,the damage of local lines in the road network and its dynamic repair,the mixed load and multi-mode dispatch of a variety of emergency medical relief materials,and the random driving time of the vehicles,we have developed a multi-objective and fair LRP model for multi-modal dispatch of the multi-type emergency medical relief materials in post-earthquake with a limited period.The goal of this model is to minimize the total time in delivering emergency medical relief materials and to minimize the maximum waiting time for emergency medical relief materials to reach demand points.According to the characteristics of the model,a hybrid heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the model and an example is analyzed based on the distribution data of Wenchuan earthquake.The example shows that this algorithm has a high efficiency and can effectively realize the supply of emergency medical relief materials after the earthquake within the specified period.This model and algorithm are especially suitable for the emergency rescue scenarios where the victims of the earthquake are vulnerable to mood swings and the emergency medical relief materials need to be fairly distributed.The research results of this paper have certain theoretical and practical significance for the emergency medical rescue work of earthquakes.On the one hand,the construction of the theoretical allocation model is helpful to discover the problems in the allocation process of the emergency medical relief materials after earthquake.It has important theoretical significance for further improving the allocation mode of the emergency medical relief materials.It is also helpful to enrich the optimization theory and methods of the emergency logistics system.On the other hand,the analysis of the optimal distribution scheme for the emergency medical relief materials can provide decision-making reference for the relevant emergency management departments,and improve the effectiveness of the emergency medical rescue work for the earthquakes.It also can improve the speed and utilization of the emergency medical relief materials,so as to maximize the effectiveness of the emergency medical relief materials.