| Since the last century,more unearthed medical literatures have shown their important value again,which provide new opportunity for research of medical academic achievement during Qin and Han Dynasty.At present,there are a number of research findings in terms of textual research and explanation of words,academic characteristics and value of contents in medicine-related silk and bamboo slips literatures,in the meantime,due to the research of medicine-related silk and bamboo slips literatures,medical learning during Qin and Han Dynasty has gradually became not mysterious.Especially Tianhui medical manuscripts excavated from Han Dynasty Tombs in Laoguanshan in recent years,which fully reflected medical developmental level in the early Han Dynasty and will be important materials for the research of medical academic history in the Han Dynasty.This research adopted “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” in Tianhui medical manuscripts as research object,comprehensively applied multi-discipline research method involved traditional Chinese medicine,study of bamboo slip and silk literatures,philology,historiography,archaeology,etc.,stressed the use of “Twice Evidences”,and conducted comparative research in “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” and other unearthed literatures and relics.This research conducted systematic arrangement and research for covering the shortages of previous research and systematically summarizing the characteristics of content,discussed the academic source and course of “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” to provide reference for reconstitution of medicine history in the Han Dynasty.This manuscript divided into three parts.Chapter one worked on burial situation and bamboo slips literatures system of “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments”,and came to conclusion that the manuscript was transcribed in the early Western Han Dynasty and its owner may be a local medical officer with certain social position and economic strength,based on the research of the characteristics of burial time,tomb form,identity of tomb’s occupant,form of bamboo slips literatures,font,preface,and symbol.Chapter two conducted research of content characteristics in “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” to discuss the characteristics of the source of prescriptions,the thoughts of treatment based on syndrome differentiation,medical application,composition of prescriptions,fundamental of prescriptions,dosage form of prescriptions,and preparations.The prescriptions in “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” had wide sources,were repeatedly used and achieved curative effect in clinic,nevertheless,their writing was more immature compared to later medical literatures,it still showed the characteristics of early medical literatures in the stage of accumulation and edit.Contents of the manuscript reflected the methods of differentiation and treatment on the basis of “treatment based on disease differentiation”,and it also made little use of other methods of differentiation,such as syndrome differentiation,viscera differentiation,and disease nature differentiation.Relevant therapeutic methods included internal treatment,external treatment,and treating diseases by witched-doctors’ prayer,which had the characteristic that internal treatment for internal disease and external treatment for external disease.The manuscript recorded a variety of medicine,and compared to Mawangdui medical manuscripts,it was more mature,and the manuscript had certain medication preference.In the manuscript,recorded functions of medicine were roughly same as which recorded in Sheng Nong’s herbal classic,and the medical measuring system was relatively perfect.The prescriptions in the manuscript were mainly compound,and had settled medicine combination with formulating prescription thoughts of formula is orderly and made a distinction between the important and the lesser,which coincided to “the drug in a prescription having the leading action in treatment is called monarch”.Compound prescriptions applied compatible methods of “supplement each other” and “opposite and complementary to each other”,which contained embryos of thoughts of “treatment of bitterness with tonifying and dispersing”,“prescription composition of treetop and root”.In the aspect of skill of using prescriptions,there were specific requirements in time and methods of taking medicine,nursing,and food taboo in drug application,and it was set by disease and prescription characteristics.“Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” wrote up preparations,adopted a variety of methods of medical processing and preparating,especially adopted decoction and wine prescriptions,and it reflected that the manuscript inherits the medical preparations and treatments recorded in “Inner Canon of Huangdi”.In a word,the contents of “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” indicated that application of medical prescriptions was mature in the early West Han Dynasty,and the manuscript formed foundation of system construction of traditional Chinese medicine theory system.Chapter three mainly discussed the academic source and course of “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments”,and considered it as “original point” to briefly tease the source and course of classical prescription in the Han Dynasty.First,this manuscript explored “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” and the position of its academic purport in medical academic distinctions in the Han Dynasty,and considered that medical systems were composed of “ancient Chinese medical classics”,“classical prescriptions”,“coition medicine”,“supernatural being” in the Han Dynasty,“Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” belong to classical prescription manuscripts and it is the representative of prescription classics in the early West Han Dynasty.The contents of “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” reflected the academic sources of “witched-doctors treating diseases by prayer” and “decoction and wine prescriptions” which were used in ancient times and mediaeval age.The comparison of “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” and classical prescription manuscripts after the West Han Dynasty indicated that the inheriting of treatment based on syndrome differentiation,prescription compatibility,medication experience,etc.and the evolution of blending ancient Chinese medical classics and alienating witch doctor showed the development of classical prescriptions in the Han Dynasty.In a word,“Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” is rich in content and has distinct characteristics.It is the representative of prescription classics in the early West Han Dynasty.The discussion of the academic source and course of “Blending Decoctions to Treat 60 Ailments” and the investigation of development process of “classical prescription” in the Han Dynasty can provide references for recognition of academic system of traditional Chinese medicine. |
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