Research On Theoretical And Clinical Characteristics In Treatments Of Pulmonary System Disease Applied By The Xin’an Wang’s Medical Family

"Xin’an Wang’s Internal Medicine",namely "Xin’an Wang’s Chinese Medicine"or "Wang’s Internal Medicine of Fuye town",is a family-based successors group from a branch of Xin’an Medicine.Tracing back to the year 1820 A.D.,Wang lvzhong(style name Xuejian),a member of the "Wang’s family,who was apprenticed to the Celebrated Xin’an physician Chen Yougong,was specialized in diagnosis and treatments to debility and miscellaneous diseases.Up to 7 generations in his family have inherited his treatments during the next 200 years after,as well have inherited his reputation among Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,and Jiangxi district.Conceptual framework of pulmonary diseases discloses the physical and pathological features of pulmonary diseases,and is an early theory in Chinese medicine field.Relevant theories and clinical experience have also been obtained and developed through the effort of Xin’an physicians."Xin’an Wang’s Internal Medicine" has conducted researches and clinical trials on a great number of theories and discoveries from hundreds of schools of Chinese medicine and physicians,including Zhang Zhongjing,and Chen xingxuan;it has also focused on works by Chen Zhongling,Xu Huixi,Wu Qian,etc.Its characteristic:diagnose from internal organs;evident from causes of diseases;treatments applying warming and nourishing methods,small dosage of drugs but flexible and effective.The current research focus of Xin’an Wang’s Pulmonary Medicine is evident and has prescribed relevant diseases;its records however,are found disorganized in content,which are oversimplified or redundant or scattered.For this reason,studies had been done by the author based upon references analysis connected to field researches,practical experience,data analysis,and specialist consultations.Also,paths of inheritance and innovation in past experiences of diagnosis and treatments has been put on discussion through medical cases analysis from the forth generation Mr.Wang Zhongqi,the fifth generation Mr.Wang Letao,the sisth generation Mr.Wangjian.AIMS1.To summarize researches outcomes by Wang’s Internal Medicine of all period;to theorical features as well as clinical experiences within;2.To regulate prescription recordings from medical cases of Xin,an Wang’s medicine tomake it a path of inheritance and innovationfor experiences in academic studies.METHODS1 Literature Review(1)Fully Collected reference materials of Xin’an Wang’s Internal Medicine throughout the history areprepared so that research area can be decided.(2)Theories and academic ideologyin treatments for pulmonarydiseases which has been discovered are under systematical arrangement;to explorethe ideology and developments of different periods then to discussthe influence and contribution it has to the future.(3)Reference-based studies are applied on research outcomes of all periods from ancient to modern time using generally applied research methods in Chinese medicine theory,including two dimensions which are time and space.2Field investigation and research and specialist consultationsField investigations and researches have been conducted in Huangshan,Hefei,Shanghai,and other districts reviewing the biographies of Xin’an Wang’s specialists throughout their lifetime,focusing on the geographical and cultural backgrounds of their workplaces.It also includes consultations with scholars and experts of relevant fields as a way to expend horizon in research in order to reach and go beyond leading position.3 Relevant research methods for data mining(1)Data standardization:data standards are set up in this project as a way in whichnames of diseases andChinese medicine,as well as symptoms,syndromes andtreatmentsare regulated.(2)Establishing database of medical cases using Microsoft Excel.Database fields covers:sources of medical cases.medical specialists,medical components,dosage,names of diseases(in Chinese medicine).patterns of syndromes,and patients.genders/ages/symptoms.Records are written into database after standardization.(3)Analysis on data fields related to medical cases of pulmonary diseases is in process using SQL、Java programming languages,where frequent itemset,association rules and other data mining technologies are also applied.4Summary of formula regulation and researches on module:spectrum of disease-symptom-syndrome-treatment-prescription(1)Systematic summary has been drawn on dosage regulation in treatments for pulmonary diseases through data mining that summaring Xin’an Wang’s internal medicine formula database.What it based upon are zangfuorgan theory,Chinese medicine potencytheory,and ingredient combination theory.(2)To study the relationshipbetween symptom andprescription,syndrome prescription,treatment to prescription,R language,Sankey diagram and other visualization methods are used;what that also contained is data mining results which are collected from spectrum of disease,primary symptoms,syndrome patterns,treatments and prescriptions.5.That has learned from study under instructionThrough the years of studying instructed by Professor Xu Shijie and Professor Wang Jian,the sixth generation of Xin’ an Wang’s Internal Medicine,author of this dissertation had reached a direct understanding to clinical treatments of palmary disease and a deep insight into Xin’ an Wang’ s Internal Medicine.RESULTS1 Reference research outcomes(1)Xin’an Wang’s internal medicine has its own theory that comes out from its own origin treating pulmonary diseases.It covers both the theories and treatments on exogenous febrile disease and epidemic febrile diseases,and is specialized in tracing the causes of diseases by freeing channels and network vessels of human body;as well in zangfu organ recovery and strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors.(2)Xin’an Wang’s Medical Family is specialized in its methods using ten kinds of formula,which include:lung-ventilating formula method;orifices-obstruction-removing formula method;lung-tonifying formula method;lung fire purging formula method;mild diaphoretic formula method that releases the exterior;heavy formula method that balances Yin and Yang;lubricant formula method that expels internal accumulated pathogenic;lung-astringent formula method;dryness-removing formula that removes dampness and phlegm;Hydrating formula that waters the lung.(3)Other treatments to pulmonary diseases applied by Xin’an Wang’s Medical Family also include:tonifying lung and clearing heart fire;regulating the function of the lung and stomach;clearing lung heat,sputum and nourishing the liver,curing both symptoms and causes of pulmonary diseases based on its exterior-interior relationships within.(4)In clinical background,ventilating the lung is a widely used treatment of Xin’an Wang’ s medical family as well has combined eight classes of dialectical in clinical treatments for lung diseases,SanJiao Syndrome and Syndrome Differentiation of Qi and Blood.(5)Prescriptions that Xin,an Wang’s specialists’used in clinical backgrounds referred to both Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases and contemporary Chinese medicine theories.With pills,power and Chinese patterned medicine frequently adopted,its prescriptions contain not only a variety types of combinations,but also concerns of synergistic actions between Chinese medicines.2 Data mining results(1)Data in this research are collected and recorded from Xin’an Wang’s clinical records(by Wang Zhongqi,Wang Renzhi,Wang Letao and Wang Jian),including 317 patients of pulmonary diseases in 726 cases;among which,148 cases of 55 patients where 273 Chinese medicines(include Chinese patterned medicine)are used come from records of Wang Zhongqi,238 cases of 116 patients where 403 Chinese medicines are used come from records of Wang Renzhi;231 cases of 90 patients where 313 Chinese medicines are used come from records of Wang Letao;109 cases of 56 patients where 238 Chinese medicines are used come from records of Wang Jian.(2)In the medical cases of Wang Zhongqi’s treatment of lung diseases,in addition to the "string pulse","soggy pulse" and "slippery pulse"、the high frequency(frequency greater than or equal to 20,the same below)symptoms were:cough 79(53.4%),bucking 30(20.3%),anhelation22(14.9%),breathlessness 20(13.5%),emaciation 20(13.5%),sitting 20(13.5%);thehigh frequency(frequency greater than 20,the same below)syndromes were:turbid phlegm obstructing the lung syndrome 29(19.6%),lung yin deficiency syndrome 28(18.9%);the high frequency(frequency greater than 20,the same below)ttreatment methods were:ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm 41(27.7%)),nourishing yin to clear away the lung-heat 28(18.9%),qi-descending and phlegm-resolving 27(18.2%),Hemostasis of collaterals 21(14.2%);the use of high frequency(frequency greater than 30,the same below)drugs:Fuling 65(43.9%),Yiyiren 65(43.9%),Ganshihu 57(38.5%),Ziwan 52(35.1%),Kuxingren 50(33.8%),Duangeqiao 45(30.4%),Mikuandonghua 43(29.1%),Zhengbaibu 31(20.9%).(3)In the medical cases of Wang Renzhi’s treatment of lung diseases,in addition to the"string pulse","soggy pulse","slippery pulse","rapid pulse" and "feeble pulse";the high frequency(frequency greater than or equal to 20,the same below)symptoms were:cough 104(43.7%),bucking 37(15.5%),no pleasure in eating 34(14.3%),shortness of breath 34(14.3%),headache 29(12.2%),chest bloating 23(9.7%),blood in phlegm 22(9.2%);the high-frequency syndromes were:turbid phlegm obstructing the lung syndrome 58(24.4%),phlegm heat accumulation of lung syndrome 50(21.0%),turbid phlegm obstructing the lung syndrome 33(13.9%),stasis syndrome of lung and collaterals20(8.4%);the high-frequency treatment methods were:ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm 52(21.8%),ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm 51(21.4%),qi-descending and phlegm-resolving 39(16.4%),clearing heat and promotinglung 38(16.0%),clearinglung and eliminating phlegm 25(10.5%),hemostasis of collaterals 23(9.7%),tonifying the kidney and absorbing Qi 20(8.4%);the most frequently used drugs were:Kuxinren 183(76.9%),Ziwan 178(74.8%),Mikuandonghua 168(70.6%).Baiqian 139(58.4%),Zhengbaibu 131(55.0%),Shegan 97(40.8%).Zhebeimu 91(38.2%).Wuweizi 73(30.3%),Zisuzi 72(30.3%),Miyuanzhi 71(29.8%),Yuzhu 68(28.6%),Nanshashen 60(25.2%),Jiegen 60(25.2%),Sangbaipi 45(18.9%),Jinfeicao 41(17.2%),Qiongyugao 40(16.8%),Xianhecao 39(16.4%),Kuandonghua 37(15.5%),Shuqucao 31(13.0%),Lianqiao 31(13.0%),Yuanzhi 31(13.0%).(4)In the medical cases of Wang Letao’s treatment of lung diseases,in addition to"soggy pulse","Greasy for","thin tongue fur","string pulse" and "rapid pulse",the high-frequency symptoms were:cough 146(63.2%),chest pain 27(11.7%),blood in phlegm 27(11.7%),dizziness 21(9.1%);the high-frequency syndromes were:Stasis syndrome of lung and collaterals 41(17.7%),syndrome of liver fire invading lung 28(12.1%),pneumatosis 28(12.1%),invasion of the exterior by wind-heat syndrome 25(10.8%);the high-frequency treatment methods were:ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm 43(18.6%),qi-descending and phlegm-resolving 41(17.7%),hemostasis of collaterals 36(15.6%),clearing the liver and the lung 27(11.7%);the more frequently used drugs were:Jiegeng 160(69.3%),Mipipaye 157(68%),Baiqian 151(65.4%),Ziwanl32(57.1%),Gualoupi 129(55.8%),Zhebeimu 106(45.9%),Geqiao78(33.8%),Oujie 77(33.3%),Juluo 75(32.5%),Qianhu 74(32.0%),Mimadouling 70(30.3%),Sangye 66(28.6%),Lianqiao 60(26.0%),Xuanfuhua 57(24.7%),Chuanbeimu 52(22.5%),Baimaohua 48(20.8%),Mohanlian 37(16.0%),Fuling 36(15.6%),Yujin 34(14.7%),Xianhecao 33(14.3%),Xiaoji 33(14.3%),Zhengbaibu 33(14.3%),Pipaye 32(13.9%),Qiancaotan 31(13.4%).(5)Wang Jian’s medical treatment for lung diseases,except for "thready pulse","string pulse","cough","tonguepink","thin tongue fur","red tongue" and other,the high-frequency symptoms were:cough 79(72.5%),white Phlegm37(33.9%),chest bloating 33(30.3%),shortness of breath 30(27.5%),Phlegm thickening 23(21.1%),throat itching 23(21.1%);the high-frequencysyndromes were:pneumatosis 24(22.0%).yin deficiency syndrome 23(21.0%);the high-frequency treatment method was ventilating the lung and descending adversely risen qi 30(27.5%);the more frequently used drugs were:Chaojiangcan 72(66.1%),Beishashen 63(57.8%).Fabanxia 61(56.0%).Kuxinren 57(52.3%),Fuchaobaizhu 56(51.4%),Shuqucao 55(50.5%).Shegan 54(49.5%),Qianhu 53(48.6%),Tinglizi 53(48.6%),Nanshashen51(46.8%),Sangbaipi 49(45.0%),Zhihuangqi 49(45.0%),Fuling 47(43.1%),Gancao 45(41.3%),Chenpi 37(33.9%),Mipipaye 33(30.3%).(6)In Wang Zhongqi’s treatment of lung diseases,treatment methods and drugs ternary frequent items(the frequency of the top three,the same below)were:ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Mikuandonghua,Zhengbaibu(22);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Duangeqiao,Gushihu(20);qi-descending and phlegm-resolving,Fuling,Kuxinren(20).Binary frequent item sets(the top three in frequency,the same below)were:ventilating the lung and resolving plhlegm,Kuxinren(25);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Mikuandonghua(24);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Yiyiren(23).(7)In Wang Renzhi’s treatment of lung diseases,treatment methods and drugs ternary frequent items(the frequency of the top three;the same below)were:ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Zhengbaibu,Ziwan(36);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Baiqian,Ziwan(35);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Kuxinren,Zhengbaibu(34).Binary frequent item sets(the top three in frequency,the same below)were:ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Ziwan(42);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Kuxinren(39);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Zhengbaibu(39).(8)In Wang Letao’s treatment of lung diseases,treatment methods and drugs ternary frequent items(the frequency of the top three,the same below)were:qi-descending and phlegm-resolving,Jiegeng,Mipipaye(29);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Baiqian,Jiegeng(29);qi-descending and phlegm-resolving,Baiqian,Jiegeng(28).Binary frequent item sets(the top three in frequency,the same below)were:ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Baiqian(36);qi-descending and phlegm-resolving.Jiegeng(35);qi-descending and phlegm-resolving,Mipipaye(32).(9)In Wang Jian’s treatment of lung diseases,treatment methods and drugs ternary frequent items(the frequency of the top three,the same below)were:ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Zhengbaibu,Ziwan(36);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm.Baiqian,Ziwan(35);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Kuxinren,Zhengbaibu(34).Binary frequent item sets(the top three in frequency,the same below)were:ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Ziwan(42);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Kuxinren(39);ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,Zhengbaibu(39).(10)In Xin’anWang’s medical treatment for cough,the common drug pairused by Wang Zhongqi was Chaobaiguoren,Zhengbaibu,Mikuandonghua,Guizhi,Baizhu,Fuling,and the core drug combination was Fuling,Kuxinren.The common drug pair used by Wang Renzhi was Hetaoren,Buguzhi,Nanshashen,Yuzhu,Yizhiren,Miyuanzhi;the core drug combination was Kuxinren,Ziwan,Mikuandonghua.The common drug pair used by Wang Letao was Baiqian,Ziwan,Jinjiesui,Lianqiao;the combination of the core drugs were Mipipaye,Gualoupi,Jiegeng,Baiqian.The common drugpairused by Wang Jian was Misangbaipi,Misangye,Yiyiren,Donglingcao,Chonglou,Nanshashen,Beishashen;the core drug combination was Kuxinren,Tinglizi,Qianhu,Chaojiangcan,Mipipaye.(11)About treatment of lung diseases applicated by Xinan Wang’s physicians belongs to the syndrome of pneumatosis/turbid phlegm obstructing the lung syndrome,the common drug pair used by Wang Zhongqi was Baizhu,Guizhi,Miyuanzhi,Yingsuke,Zhengbaibu,Mikuandonghua;the core drug combination was Kuxinren,Fuling,Zisuzi,Guizhi.The common drug pair used by Wang Renzhi was Kuxinren,Ziwan,Zisuzi,Mikuandonghua.The common drug pair used by Wang Letao was Jiegeng,Mipipaye;the core drug combinations was Mipipaye,Gualoupi,Jiegeng,Baiqian,Ziwan,Zhebeimu.The common drug pairused by Wang Jian wasMaozhucao,Baihuasheshecao;the core drug combination was Kuxinren,Tinglizi,Sangbaipi,Maozhucao,Chaojiangcan.3 Conclusion(1)To disclose connections between diseases,symptoms,syndromesand treatments,statistics results from Xin’an Wang’s medical family have been processed using descriptive analysis,association analysis and frequent itemset.After having the analysis results and reference materials linked to one another,and compared with Chinese medicine theories,relevant conclusions have been drawn about the features in treatments to pulmonary diseases aplied pby Xin’an Wangs’ medical family,their clinical experiences and common grounds in their prescriptions.(2)Theorigin of both features in Xin’an Wangs’ internal medicine theory and their clinical experiences has been supported with evidence.Also,what comes with the developments in disease spectrum and understanding of diseases is a changesthat has been witnessed in inheritance and innovation of Chinese medicine schools.