The Development Characteristics Of TCM Theory And Its Ideological And Cultural Basis

The theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),from the book of classics,to the development of the later dynasties,has relative distinctive characteristics of the times and the characteristics of the change,and the development of the characteristics is closely linked to the ideology and culture at that time.In this thesis,the author analyzed the development characteristics of the theory of TCM from the source and flow from the perspective of ideology and culture,as it is helpful for us to better understand TCM theory,clarify the contemporary status of development of TCM theory and summarize the rule of development of TCM theory.All the contents above have a certain guiding significance for us to decide which would be the essential direction of the study of TCM.In this paper,the history was divided by a standard that ideology and culture had direct influence on the construction of TCM theory,the history of the formation and development of TCM theory was divided into five stages.The first four stages,for the part of the study of relationship between the characteristics of TCM theory with traditional ideological culture,historical and documentary research methods were used,the background of traditional ideological culture and development characteristics of TCM theory in each stage was untangled,correlation analysis between development characteristics of TCM theory and ideology and culture was elucidated.The fifth stage,the correlation research between the development characteristics of TCM theory and the modern and contemporary culture,the research method of historical research and the literature review were applied to investigated the situation of ideology and culture,the contemporary TCM theoretical framework and its evolution characteristics were outlined from the perspective of framework theory,analyzing the characteristics of contemporary TCM theory and its relationship with ideology and culture.Based on the above research contents,this paper discussed the inherent law of the development of TCM theory and the key to inherit TCM theory.The first part was the literature review,the history and current situation of the correlation study between TCM theory and traditional ideological culture as well as TCM theory and western scientific culture were separately investigated,and the existing problems in the present studies and the possible solutions were put forward.The second part is introduction.The definitions of "the TCM theory and its characteristics","culture" and their relationship were provided,the study was focused on the development characteristics of TCM theory which was deeply influenced by ideology and culture,and analyzed the intrinsic link between the two.The significance and value as well as ideas and methods of research were elucidated.In the third part,The background of ideology and culture of Pre Qin and Han dynasty was brief introduced.The book of "Huangdi Neijing" is the representative of the characteristics of the development of TCM theory in pre Qin Dynasty and Han dynasty.Focusing on the core idea of "Nei Jing",those were the essence of Qi,yin and yang theory,the theory of the five elements and the thinking mode of image thinking.The author made a survey of the above-mentioned contents in the classical works of pre Qin dynasty,and came to the conclusion that the theory of essence and qi originated from ancient philosophy which has certain understanding on the origin of everything,the theory of yin-yang originated from wisdom of yin-yang in Zhou yi and Dao De Jing as representative,the theory of five phases originated from thinking of correlation between things and their properties in Shang Shu as representative.The thinking mode of image thinking originated from the image-number reasoning method.The classics of Pre-Qin scholars and TCM of divination and fangji shared the common philosophy background of natural morality,that was the reason why ideological culture in Pre-Qin could influence the formation of core theory of TCM.The ideology of Yin-yang and five elements originated from natural morality,which was the summary of the law in the correlation of the heaven,the earth and human being as a whole,the sages who obeyed Dao and De were the witnesses and core inheritors of natural morality as well as the creators of core medical theory.The fourth part,the ideological culture background in Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties was summed up.The medical classical were classified and sorted,the basic theory was developed,the Classical Prescriptions and herbs enjoyed rapid development,division of clinical medicine developed rapidly,and clinical medicine became a major department.The system of health science was formatted which was characterized by the intake and dissolution of stone,and the revival of the thinking mode of "doctors'intention".The summary above was the representative of characteristics of development of TCM in Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.Some special subjects were discussed as follows:"the discussion on the correlations between Ming xue in the Wei and Jin and Northern-southern Dynasties and the medical theory development" and "the development of TCM theory and metaphysics" and "the development of TCM theory and Taoism in Jin and Tang Dynasty" and "The development of TCM theory and Buddhism in Jin and Tang Dynasty".The author thought that Ming Xue and Xuan Xue sprung up,the Buddhism was introduced and Taoism was formed all contributed to the relatively liberal academic atmosphere of the period.The Taoists,Buddhists and people with background of great fortune as the practice subject all could be influenced by the ideological culture in Jing Tang Dynasties,thus exerting influence on the development of medical theory.In the fifth part,ideology and culture in Song and Ming dynasties was summarized.With paying attention to the classics,encouraging luck,the arising of new theory and schools of thought as the representatives of the development characteristics of TCM theory in the Song and Ming Dynasties.Special subjects were discussed as follows:"The development characteristics of Song Ming medical theory and the influence of academic atmosphere of Neo-confucianism" and "Mingmen theory and Tai Chi theory" and"abstinence to keep good health with debate on principles and desire.The reason why Neo Confucianism influenced the development of medical theory development in Song Ming dynasties included that the Neo Confucianism as the dominant culture created a cultural atmosphere of Neo Confucianism,the tradition of Confucian physician originated from North Song,when more and more doctors learnt Confucianism,was the must for ideology of Neo Confucianism to melt into the theory of medicine.The sixth part,the ideology and culture in this time was summarized.This period emphasized on the research of the medical classic theory as the representative of the characteristics of the development of TCM theory.This paper made a special analysis on the inheritance of medical classic theory and the academic trend of thought in Qing dynasty.The reason why ideological culture in Qing Dynasty influenced the medical theory development was because Pu Xue became the dominant culture,and the Confucian physicians as well as Confucian scholars conducted medical theory research.The seventh part,the ideology and culture in this period was summarized,the unified teaching materials of Chinese medicine as the representative of the late Qing Dynasty to present.The development characteristics of TCM theory included the expression of vernacular Chinese,the differentiation and development of disciplines,the reconstruction of the theoretical system,the combination of TCM and Western medicine theory and the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and Western Medicine.As far as the theoretical system of reconstruction is concerned,from the ancient medical books to the new discipline paradigm,taking the Chinese textbook as an example,the development and evolution of the basic theory system of traditional Chinese medicine at present has the following characteristics:The establishment of the "theoretical paradigm";the development of philosophical and medical knowledge,to distinguish between the two respective;related concepts and categories were strengthening and weakening;a framework of the function of organs,Qi,blood and body fluid,yin and yang were established.Classical Chinese vernacular resulted from the new culture movement,there was a direct relationship between establishment of disciplines and subject differentiation and Western science and technology,the evolution of reconstruction of the theoretical system was associated with concept thinking and Western medicine.Traditional Chinese medicine theory was also influenced by dialectical materialism.The eighth part discussed the inherent law of the development of TCM theory from the perspective of ideology and culture.The theory of traditional Chinese medicine development presented three "peak" period which were Qin and Han Dynasty,Song Ming and the late Qing Dynasty,and the two flat period included Jin and Tang Dynasty and the Qing dynasty.Qin and Han culture directly affected the core category of TCM theoretical system construction,therefore was the key condition for the formation of TCM theory,the ideological culture drove the development of Chinese medicine theory,which reflected in the influence on the direction of development,enriching the theory of specific areas,influencing the construction of core framework of theory,influencing the way of thinking,influencing the research methods.The impact lied in the above five aspects.Doctors played the dominant roles in the process of ideological culture in influencing the formation and development of TCM theory.In the atmosphere of traditional ideological culture,the core category of TCM theory system and leading thinking model were relatively inherited stably.In the atmosphere of western science culture,the core category of TCM theory system presented a descending trend,while the concept thinking model was strengthened.The innovation of this paper was sorting out the ideology and culture as well as development characteristics of TCM theory in each stage of history longitudinally,summing up the development characteristics of TCM theory and its relation with ideology and culture horizontally,which had certain depth and breadth.The inherent law of TCM theory development was further developed on the basis of previous works.All the work would provide historical and ideological experience for the normalization and modernization of consummation of TCM theory system.Because of the long span of time covered,a wide range of ideology and culture involved,and the complex theory of TCM theory included,the extraction of the development characteristics of TCM theory,and their relation with ideology and culture will inevitably exists certain limitations.Further research on the correlation between TCM theory and ideological culture is the next step.