| The weakness ecological environment in northern Shaanxi region has lead serious harmless to the life and production of local people as well as whole China. An important strategy for ecological restoration and reconstruction is conversion of cropland to forest and grassland. For 8 years of the project, the vegetation has been rapidly restored, and people's lives have been improved greatly. But difficulties of ecological restoration, energy exploitation, the rapid development of local industry, as well as drawbacks of the mechanism of conversion of cropland to forest and grassland project make the project facing serious obstacles. With the process of the project, how to consolidate the achievements and improve the current policy is an important issue.The paper is divided into eight chapters.Chapter I: Introduction. The main topics of the paper describe the research background, the research aim and the research significance. And it also describes the ideas, methods and possible innovations.Chapter II: The Basic concepts and the supporting theories. Conversion of cropland to forest and grassland for sustainable development involves some of the basic theoretical issues, such as conversion of cropland to forest and grassland, the sustainability of the basic concepts, market mechanisms, externalities, public management, and so on. These theoretical problems are the logic of starting point.Chapter III: The analysis of reality of cropland to forest and grassland in Northern Shaanxi. It introduces Northern Shaanxi region.weak ecological environment, the achievements of the project and the fast economic development. It analyses the difficulties for the ecological restoration and the main reasons for it, and states the importance for the ecological environment of northern ShaanxiChapter IV: the construction of sustainable development's evaluation and support system for Converting farmland into forest(grassland) project in Northern Shannxi region. As the core part of the paper, this chapter will evaluate the four indicators on ecological, economic, demographic and policy management level, and the 20 factors of the sustainability of Converting farmland into forest(grassland) project, by using the statistical data and research data in northern Shaanxi region in 2007, with the method of AHP. The result shows that: the impact of eco-efficiency factor is the most important, which accounts for nearly 50 percent of all the indicators, followed by the economic development factor, which accounts for almost 30 percent. That is to say, the eco-efficiency factor is the most important in the overall efficiency factors in Converting farmland into forest(grassland) project, followed by economic efficiency factor. And this result just answers to the reality of the Converting farmland into forest(grassland) project in Northern Shaanxi. According to the evaluation results, we construct a four-wheel drive sustainable support system for the sustainable development of the project, comprised by technical support, economic support, eco-migrants support, policy and engineering management innovation support.Chapter V: The fifth chapter, technical support. For these years, the preservation rate of afforestation in Northern Shaanxi is only around 15%, and the water and soil conservation rate in core small basin is only 30%,which means that 70 to 85 percent of the afforestation cost is in vain. The climate conditions of Northern Shaanxi decide that the vegetation restoration in this region needs a strong technical system, and this is a limit by objective conditions, not to man's will. Technological progress is a most important measure in overcoming drought stress, water shortages and other natural obstacles during the process of Converting farmland into forest(grassland) project in Northern Shaanxi. During the implementation process of the Project, we have to study the suitable types, suitable size and rational distribution for the construction of the drought-resistant and water-saving species, and the arbor, shrub and grass vegetation, which are all hard to restore. We have to achieve the introduction of relative elements such as seeds and machinery, and make best use of the land according to its conditions. Meanwhile, we also have to train our labors with modern scientific knowledge, and do some human resource investment by providing education and trainings to our peasants, in order to reverse the"three-lows"situation that have long-existed in the vegetation construction fundamentally, and to achieve the restoration and reconstruction of vegetation in northern Shaanxi.Chapterâ…¥:economy support of sustainable development to return land for farming to forestry (grass) in Northern Shannxi region. Economic advance is the basis of ecology restoration. Adjusting industrial structure after returning land for farming, increasing the farmers'income, and bettering the farmers'economic position, are the important condition of sustainable development to return land for farming to forestry (grass). For an example, In Yuling City, based on the rational analysis of the agriculture structure situation, the countermeasures to adjust the agriculture structure are put forward, and the"four zones and one band"industrial layout is preliminarily built. the"four zones and one band"is the unique feature forest and fruit zone, dry farming zone, the unique feature plant production zone, the unique feature grass animal zone, and processing band of agricultural and sideline products. The agriculture is feed by the zone energy industry, and the farmers'income is increased by reconstructing basic on-farm facilities and rural living energy.Chapterâ…¦: Ecology emigration support system of sustainable development for conversion of cropland to forest and grassland in Northern Shaanxi region. Distribution of population in Northern Shannxi region is adjusted by the ecology emigration. More ecology depopulated lands are built in Northern Shannxi region, and the population living in the ecology weak zone are concentrated into the towns and villages whose living conditions are better. The ecology emigration zones are protected by prohibition measures, and can be rehabilitated spontaneously. By analyzing the case that the population in the Hongtunjie town of Jingbian county are emigrated into Erdejing vallage, suggestions of the emigration policy can be presented: (1) The ecology emigration can improve the farmers'income, and adjust the agriculture industrial structure. (2) Labor income is the efficient means to increase the emigrants'income. (3) The ecology emigration on the spot is more appropriate means in the ecology weakness zone. The ecology emigration and rural urbanization can be combined, and form a new human dwelling environment which is healthy and develops in the direction of beneficial cycle.Chapterâ…§:The policy and new ideas of the management mode support of farmland into forest(grassland) project in Northern Shannxi region.Wheather the policy is reasonable is the key factor of the policy effects.At present,the questions are quantity instead quality, report instead observe and lack a perfect evaluation system in the process of cropland to forest and grassland .Because of different motivations of related interest group and public character of Converting farmland into forest(grassland) project, the gaming result are difficult to supervise the Converting farmland into forest(grassland) project and the improper policy.The cost of present management model of family farmland into forest is higher,and exist unharmonous stimulate problems, the private management is not sustainable. The Northern Shannxi region should explore participative, private contact and leading technology management model according to its practice. These model incentive the activity of farmer in some degree and improve farmland into forest(grassland)sustainable.Chapterâ…¨: Conclusion and suggestion, through the study on the sustainable development support system of the Converting farmland into forest(grassland) project, the author conclude some conclusion and suggestion.
|
PDF Full Text Request