| Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae(FAO) is recorded in 'Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China'(2005 edition). It is the dry ripe fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq., pungent in flavour, warm, acting on the spleen channel and the kidney channel, and good at warming the spleen and anti-diarrhea, astringing and preserving the droll-spittle, specializing in conserving essence and arresting polyuria, usually being used to treat abdominal pain, diarrhoea, uncontrollable drolling and emissions, premature ejaculation, frequent micturition and enuresis resulted from kidney qi deficiency cold. There are two kinds of processed forms, which are'The Crude Seed Alpiniae Oxyphyllae (CSAO)'and'The Stir-heated Seed Alpiniae Oxyphyllae (SSAO)', CSAO is processed by excluding impurity and hull of FAO, and SSAO is stir-heating the CSAO with salt solution.ObjectiveBeing a part of'Technical Commonness in the Processing Method of Stir-heating with Salt Solution' project which is under the State Ministry of Science and Technology 11th Five-Year Plan Support(No.2006BAI09B06-09), our study aimed at the traditional medicinal herb CSAO which is of affirmative clinical therapeutic effect focusing on the differences between the effects and clinical applications respectively before and after processing, expecting to elucidate the mechanism and active components for the anti-diarrhea effect, further interpreting the scientific connotation of the theory for the stir-heating with salt solution of CSAO, and then providing a new idea for investigations on drug processing by common techniques in stir-heating with salt solution. MethodsThe methods used in the research of the scientific connotation of the theory for the stir-heated CSAO with salt solution are philological, pharmacological and chemical means.1. Systemically arrange the documents about the processing methods of the past and follow up the modern report timely by philological means in order to recognize the history and actuality of CSAO.2. Study the pharmacodynamics and elucidate the possible mechanism by pharmacological means in order to recognize the effect of warming the spleen and anti-diarrhea.3. The active fraction with the anti-diarrhea effect of CSAO was screened and prepared in order to recognize the active components of CSAO for anti-diarrhea. The initial investigations were carried out on the chemical means.4. The differences that indicate in pharmacological effects and in the chemical compositions of CSAO and SSAO were focused.Results1. The results showed that CSAO could protect the mice from diarrhea induced by Folium Sennae, inhibit HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats, delay the gastric emptying and the small intestinal in mice, depress the contraction of duodenum of rabbits in vitro, and depress the content of GAS in serum, the content of VIP in plasm at the same time in rats of Spleen Deficiency.2. The results showed that the active fraction of the anti-diarrhea effect of CSAO was volatile oil fraction or the extracted fraction of petroleum ether and chloroform. Nootkatone,β-sitosterol, Yakuchinone A, Oxyphyllol B and Daucosterol were isolated and identified from the active fraction. Nootkatone inhibited HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats, and Yakuchinone A depressed the contraction of duodenum of rabbits in vitro.3. The results showed that CSAO and SSAO could also protect the mice from diarrhea induced by Folium Sennae, and depress the contraction of duodenum of rabbits in vitro, there is no distinctly difference between CSAO and SSAO, but the decoction of CSAO showed a stronger effect than the decoction of SSAO, at the same time, there is no distinctly change of content of volatile oil and Nootkatone between CSAO and SSAO, but the decoction of CSAO contain more volatile oil and Nootkatone than the decoction of SSAO.4. After stir-heating with salt solution, the water in seeds fell, the texture became more crumble, the comminuted powder became small, at the same time, surface of the seeds was fragmented, the inner structure became more loosened, so active components can dissolve more into decoction in a shorter time. As a result, there is an increasing loss of the components in the decoction of SSAO.Conclusions1. CSAO has certain effect of warming the spleen and anti-diarrhea, the action mechanism lies in the depression of gastrointestinal movement and the depression of the content of gastrointestinal hormone.2. The active fraction with the anti-diarrhea effect of CSAO was volatile oil fraction or the extracted fraction of petroleum ether and chloroform. Nootkatone and Yakuchinone A are both of the active components of CSAO for anti-diarrhea.3. CSAO and SSAO could both protect the mice from diarrhea, but the decoction of CSAO showed a stronger effect than the decoction of SSAO. The result accorded with the TCM theory of'CSAO acts on spleen channel.'Innovations1. Elucidate the mechanisms of CSAO for anti-diarrhea initially, provide the pharmacological explanation for its effect of warming the spleen and anti-diarrhea, and provide a reasonable instruction of using CSAO afterwards.2. Elucidate the active components of CSAO for anti-diarrhea initially, provide the reference for establishing a more reasonable quality standard of CSAO. 3. Elucidate the influence on CSAO by stir-heating with salt solution, provide the reference for further interpreting the scientific connotation of the theory for the stir-heating with salt solution of CSAO, and also provide a new idea for the investigations on the drug processing by common techniques in stir-heating with salt solution. |
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