Study Of Neuropsychological Mechanism And Early Screenning Tools Of Social Cognitive Disability Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

PART 1:Revised early screenning tools of social cognitive disability for children with Autism Spectrum DisordersObjectiveTo revised and investigate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Theory of Mind Test(TOMT)。MethodsA total of 1098 preschool children and 41 children with suspected diagnose of Pervasive Developmental Disorders(PDD)completed TOMT. The Adaptive Behavior Rating Scale for Children(ABRSC)was filled by tester according to the information from children's parents and teacher in kindergartens.The test-retest reliability,interrater reliability and internal consistency reliability were examed.The differentiate validity of PDD from non-PDD and exterior validity were also evaluated.Results1,Reliability test:the test-retest reliability of expression recognition, expression attribution,unexpected place tests and unexpected content test were 0.98,0.92,0.76,0.75(P＜0.01);the interrater reliability was 0.95; the Cronbach'sαcoefficients between two unexpected place tests was 0.83;the Cronbach's a coefficients between each sub-tests of TOMT was 0.75(P＜0.01); 2,Validity test:The pass rates of TOMT will up-and up with the development of preschool children.Significant correlations were found between the total score of TOMT and ABRSC.Kappa coefficients of TOMT and diagnose of PDD was 0.75(P＜0.001)。ConclusionThe Chinese version of TOMT was found to have good psychometrics properties,with adequate reliability and validity.In particular,the TOMT is applicable to assess social cognition level of Chinese children.PART 2 Development of Chinese Static Facial Expression Photos for Test(CSFEP)ObjectiveTo develop and investigate the reliability and validity of the Chinese static facial expression for test(CSFEP)MethodsA total of 22 Chinese were taken photos of facial expression when they experience emotion by solicitation through talking about their life experience.Canon IXUS 50 camera were used to took 1890 photos of happy,sad,angry,surprised,frightened,disgusted and neutral expressions. 21 photos were strictly selected for evaluating emotion naming test-retest reliability and validity by undergraduate students.Results1.40 phptos were selected through primary sreen according to the consistent rate of recognition above 70%.And then,2 frightented expressions with consistent rate of recognition above 40%were selected according to the report of related studies.21 photos,include three photos each expression,were confirmed as photos of CSFEP.2.Reliability test:the test-retest reliability of each expression was 0.71-1.0(P＜0.0001).3.Validity:the consistent rate of recognition of expression photos of CSFEP and Japanese female expression was from 70-92.9%of happy, surprised and neutral expression,while below 70%of angry,frightened, sad and disgusted expression.ConclusionCSFEP has good psychometrics properties with adequate test-retest reliability and is applicable to assess expression cognition of Chinese. Some of them have low consistent rates with Japanese female expression and suggested that it's better use expression of one's own culture for tests. PART 3 Study of neuropsychological characteristics of social cognitive disability of children with Autism Spectrum DisordersObjectiveTo study of neuropsychological characteristics of social cognitive disability of 3-12 years old children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).MethodsA total of 30 3-7 years old children with autism disorder(AD)and 30 7-12 years old children with Asperger syndrom(AS,normal IQ)and 32 age matched normal children were administed with Chinese version of TOMT,CSFEP,Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)and Visual Memory Test(VMT).Children with AD were rated by their parents and psychiatrist using Autism Behavior Checklist(ABC),Chinese version of the Psycho-educational Profile-Revised(CPEP-R)and Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS).Children with AS were rated by C-WISC.Normal chidlren were sreened by Child Behavior Checklist and Conner's Child Behavior Scale.Results1.Pass rates of two tests of false belief(13%,7%)were significantly lower than that of normal children(56%,46%)(x2=17.15,15.66,P＜0.01).There was no significantly diffrence of recognitive rates of cry expression between AD group and normal group.2.There was no significant diffrence of cry recognitive rate between AS and normal groups(P=0.50).But two tests of false belief and cry reasoning passing rate of AS were significantly lower than that of normal children(P=0.04,0.003,0.001).3.The scores of recognition of surprise and angry expression and total score of expression in ASD children were Significantly lower than that of normal group(P=0.04,0.02),and no difference of other expression recognitive score between two groups(P＞0.05).4.In cognitive tests,no difference of FIQ and VIQ between AS and normal group,PIQ of AS group was significantly lower than normal group(P=0.001),and so as that of visual memory scores in both orders (P＜0.01).While the number of perseverative errors of AS group were significantly higher than normal group(P＜0.01).5.Total score of recognition of expressions was significant related to the number of category achieves of WCST and oppositive order score of VMT(r=0.65,0.69,P＜0.01),but no significant related to orther cognitive scores.ConclusionThere were disability of TOM,cry expression reasoning and recognition of angry and surprised expression,PIQ,visual spatial memory and cognitive flexible in ASD children.The ability of expression recognition was significantly related to conception level and visual spatial memory,suggested that there were social cognition disability in ASD and had affinity with visual spatial memory capacity and high-level cognition, there were probably integrated disorders involved in abroad brain area which related with the part of save and process function of social imformation process course.