| ObjectiveTo assess the similarities and differences_on these different Buddhist Quiet Qigong methods, especially in physiology and psychology through comparing and analyzing three different methods (meditate the'head phrase'of a gongan/mantra chanting procedure/the verbal chanting of the name of Buddha)and their related EEG characteristics of the practitioners of Buddhist Quiet Qigong.Methods1. The method of "Two-way design, Correlated detection, Mutual explanation" was used in this experiment.2. Both of external detection and internal operation were involved in the Two-way design. The internal operation refers to all operating content during the experimental process, which including the content of adjusting body, adjusting breath and adjusting mind of the three different methods on Buddhist Quiet Qigong. The External detection refers to the examination and evaluation of participants which including EEG characteristics, breath, and the self-evaluation of their meditation status. LZ complexity, approximate entropy, power spectrum were used as the main analysis methods on EEG.3. The correlation detection refers to the synchronization of the external detection and the internal operation. According to the features of internal operation and the conditions of external detection, the whole process of testing was divided into four stages, respectively the quiet state (before exercise), the first stage of exercise (exercise one), the second stage of exercise (exercise two) and exercise end. By knocking the Qing, the practitioners were informed the different stage of the external detection in order to adjust their internal operation-the meditation status.4. Mutual explanation means the internal operation of practitioners and the external detection were combined in our analysis. In our experiment, mutual explanation manifested that the changes of indicator of EEG were interpreted as external performance of "three-adjusting operating", while the internal operation-"three-adjusting operating" was thought as the reason of indicator changes of EEG.Result1. The comparison of approximate entropy, LZ complexity and power spectrum of three Buddhist Quiet Qigong methods. The main distinguish between the mantra chanting procedure group and others were: there was a gradually increase in approximate entropy, LZ complexity with several encephalic regions, but there was no change in others group. There was a significant difference of a amplitude between the meditate the'head phrase'of a gongan group and the other two groups (P<0.05).There was significant amplitude of LZ complexity which was greater than approximate entropy. The smaller P value was, the more obvious changes happened in encephalic regions. The comparison between the verbal chanting the name of Buddha group and the mantra chanting procedure group showed that there was a significant amplitude in the verbal chanting the name of Buddha group than the mantra chanting procedure group in total power and the actual power of a frequency band in exercise one stage and exercise end stage (P<0.05), but exercise two stage had no obvious difference in both two groups (P>0.05).So there was no definite trend on the whole. With the exception of the absolute power ofβfrequency band in before exercise stage, the meditate the'head phrase'of a gongan group and the other two groups had significant difference in multiple brain division (P<0.05).Combining mean, it was showed that the brain excitability of meditate the "head phrase'of a gongan group was lower in quiet state. No obvious difference was founded in others indicators in all meditation practice stages (P>0.05)2. The comparison within two groups of Buddhist Quiet Qigong methods Obvious differences were revealed within two groups of the mantra chanting procedure group among total power, the actual power ofα,βfrequency band and the relative power of a frequency band. There was no significant difference showed in both approximate entropy and LZ complexity within the other two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion1. Analyzed the EEG characteristics, the differences of practices were showed that there were a gradually increase in approximate entropy, LZ complexity in the meditate the 'head phrase'of a gongan group, but there was no obvious change in the other two groups; There was a remarkable increasing trend in total power, power of a andβfrequency band in both the meditate the'head phrase'of a gongan group and the verbal chanting of the name of Buddha group, a slight decrease trend in the mantra chanting procedure group; There was an more obvious increase of power ofβfrequency band in the meditate the'head phrase'of a gongan group than the verbal chanting of the name of Buddha group.2. Within each of Buddhist Quiet Qigong, both ascending and descending variation tendency were founded in a frequency band power. The variation tendencies of approximate entropy, LZ complexity were identical between groups divided according to different variation tendency.3. From the brain physiological activity characteristics, the differences of practices were showed the two states of brain activities both excitability and quiet were gradually enhanced in the meditate the'head phrase'of a gongan group was greater than the verbal chanting of the name of Buddha group, while unchanged in the mantra chanting procedure group; The variability of the mode of thinking activity change gradually increasing in the meditate the'head phrase'of a gongan group, it was unchanged in the mantra chanting procedure group and the verbal chanting of the name of Buddha group.4. There were both deepen and weaken variation tendencies in practice brain quiet degree in the same Buddhist Quiet Qigong method, but a common variable characteristics was showed in the mode of brain activity change.5. From consciousness activity characteristics, the differences of practices were manifested that the brain thinking constantly produce new mode, accompanying6. consciousness activity intensity enlarged, no defined thinking content in process of meditate the'head phrase'of a gongan; The mode of brain thinking, consciousness activity intensity and thinking content unchanged in the mantra chanting procedure group The mode of brain thinking unchanged and consciousness activity intensity strengthened the verbal chanting of the name of Buddha group. |
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