A Study On The Origin And Development Of The Etiological Factor And Etiopathgenesis Theory Of Neijing

The origin and development of the Etiologicalfactor and Etiopathgenesis Theory of Neijing, the present research of which is only on the initial stage, and some fields in which are even not dealt with, still cries for more attention. This thesis aims to fill up such a gap in the investigation of Neijing in this process: sort out and study both medical and inmedical materials in the dynasties of Qin and Han as well as the related contents in Neijing, then search for the formation and development logic of the Etiologicalfactor and Etiopathgenesis theory.This paper takes the way of document research in the following steps: First, it collects and sorts out the literal materials about the etiologicalfactor and etiopathgenesis in Qin Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty, and generalizes the contents of etiologicalfactor and etiopathgenesis in Neijing, then makes a comparison between them to search for their intrinsic relationship. Second, it focuses on the development of this theory by the descendant doctors, and analyzes the influences the theory has on the followers and the further development made by the descendant doctors. Finally, it generalizes systematically the frame of formation, development and variation of the Etiologicalfactor and Etiopathgenesis Theory of Neijing, and probes for the reasons.The origin and development of etiologicaof actor and etiopathgenesis of Neijing can be initially understood by the study on the ancient document, Neijing itself and the academic research of the descendant doctors.On the doctrine of etiologicalfactor, the classification schemeemerges in Zhouyi, develops gradually in Zuozhuan and greatly in Lushichunqiu, and in Neijing, the two-grouping classification is put forward, which is more suitable for the clinical practice. There is a from- rough- to- specific relationship between the two classifications. Zhangji of Donghan Dynasty and Tao Hongjing of Dongjin Dynasty make further explanations, and the theory on three categories of etiologic factors from Chenyan symbols the maturity of the classification method of traditional Chinese medicine. From the perspective of theory, the conception "disease resulting from over-exertion" originates from the Taoism , Confucianism and other various doctrines, develops in some chapters of Neiing, and is enriched and improved in Nanjing and by four famous doctors of Jinyuan and the doctors of Ming and Qing Dynasty. From the perspective of contents, the doctrine of etiological factor is recorded in the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, and becomes gradually meaningful and distinct. But most conceptions and theories grows mature and are set down in Neijing. There are cognition succession and development relationship between some chapters in Neijing. The theory about causes of diseases in Neijing sets the theoretic basis for the medical science development.As to "six exopathogens" , Zhouli real izes that the cause of disease comes from outside, and Liji and Guanzi also has some understanding of "exopathogens" . Zuozhuan puts forward to the definite conception of six exopathogens for the first time. Pathogenic dampness and pathogenic dryness are discussed in Zhuangzi and Xunzi, which consummates the six exopathogens. But the six pathogens in Yihe includes the two internal injury of sexual strain and emotions, only in Neijing, the conception of diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors is introduced and the theory connotation is also sublimated. So there is a relatively clear logic developing from rough to complete, from simple to complex, from vague to clear state.From Liji, the pathopoiesis is recorded in ancient cultural works, the understanding of which is deepened. In Guiguzi, the theoretical conclusion begins, but lacks "sorrow" ; Zhuangzi and Xunzi also have similar conclusion, but has repetition on conception; Lushichunqiu generalizes the five causes of disease by emotion without repetition onconception, which agree with the five emotions in the later ages; in Huainanzi, such theory is generalized again and improved by indicating the ways of pathopoiesis.In the development process, a feature is the separation of "Si " from "You" . Before Neijing, "You" means anxiety and consideration, but in Neijing, its meaning changes to anxiety and sorrow, and separating from "You" , "Si" specially refers to one expressions of five emotions which originates from missing and excessive contemplation, and becomes comparable with "You" .There are succession and close academic relationship of origin and development in the three chapters of Guiguzi, which is another feature.In addition to these, in some chapters, such as the two parts on the damage of vital energy after trauma, and the four passages on the damage of ZANG After trauma, the development process can be found going from simplicity and roughness to abundance and completion.After the study of the food-causes of disease, we can get the idea that it grows from the inheritance of the predecessors' achievements, and the origin of it be found in the ancient cultural works such as Lushichunqiu and Huainanzi. Even in Neijing itself, there is succession and improvement in some chapters.In the diseases caused by overstrain, there are lots records before Neijing, in which heart impairment and sexual impairment are recorded most, and sexual impairment is especially focused on. The realization of the fact that overstrain leads to disease is got gradually: Zuozhuan and Guoyu know that sexual desire produces feverish pain of lower abdomen; Liezi has realized the dissipation of pneuma; in Hanshu, there is an objective and scientific statement of sex intercourse, which holds the opinion that people should be happy but restrained, and indulgence in sex intercourse will cause diseases easily and even cause death. So there is a through understanding on sex.The causes of diseases recorded in Canggong' s biografhy in Shiji mostly stem from sexual impairment, but deal with headache, cellulites, hernia, lung pyretic abundance, bilateral parts of lower abdomen, and so on. Neijing mainly deals with spleen, kidney and liver, and the difference between them suggests the meaning of Neijing as classicalworks.in addition to this, there is the academic improvement relationship between some chapters in Neijing.As to the pathogenesis, the principle of the interfering relationship between healthy Qi and pathogen is not clear in or before the early stage of Xihan Dynasty, and becomes definite in the time of Neijin. This principle is interpreted by doctors in different periods, but the relatively through and distinct expression of it is only made in the recent thirty years.On the influential factors of diseases, the body constitution factor has already been known in Mo zi, Lie zi and Canggong, but begins to be illustrated overall in Neijing, which starts the physical research doctrine. The natural environment factor, though there is explanation in Zhouli, in Neijing, the statement is the most comprehensive, the understanding is the most systematical, profound and flawless. The social factor is also discussed in Neijing, but differs greatly from the predecessors: the predecessors focus on the effects taken by the morality of monarch and the social political institution while Neijing deals with the influences from the individual social status and the change of individual life. From this difference, such a conclusion can be caught that Neijing focuses on the patients while the ancient cultural works focuses on the epidemic stage of disease, which is in keeping with their own spirit. Neiing is special works on medicine and discusses diseases while the works of ancient predecessors deal with culture or the history of culture and discuss society.On the pathogenesis doctrine, the eight principles sprouts in Canggong' s biography, gradually develops in the time of Neijing, and the basic frame of it is established. Through the enrichment of the later ages, the eight principles are settled in Yixuexinwu of Cheng Zhongling in Qin Dynasty. While discussing the pathogenesis of Yin-Yang, some chapters in Neijing have the relationship of succession and development. The six climatic factors comes into being in Guanzi, sprouts in Zuozhuan, develops in Lushichunqiu, settles down in Neijng, completes by Liu llejian of Jinyuan Dynasty, and develops further in the later ages. The doctrine of five elements, which appears in Shangshu, is used in Huainanzi. Thenin Canggong' s biography, the doctrine of five elements is directly used to infer pathogenesis. Neijing analyzes the mechanism of pathological changes with the doctrine of five elements, and forms the theory system of the five elements of pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of pneuma, Qi and blood, and body fluid, appears in Zhouyi, and is discussed in Zhuangzi. It is used in Bianque' s, and the theory of Yin and Yang mixture is put forward. In the period of Neijing, it is further discussed and its theory system is settled. In the later ages, it develops further and is enriched. The pathogenesis of entrails has not been explained much, but is used clinically in Canggong' s biography. The overall discussion of it is in the time of Neijing, which marks the settlement of the theory system of pathogenesis of entrails. The later doctors enrich it consistently, and in Ming and Qing Dynasty, it becomes more and more mature. During the recent forty years, the pathogenesis of entrails develops further, the classification of it is more specific, and the symptom of it tends to be more consummate.In the transmission of diseases, before Neijing, Bianque' s biography probes for the law of diseases from outside to inside, which consists of the four steps: in the striae of the skin, muscle and viscus, in blood of vessels, in intestine and stomach, and in bone marrow. Neijing develops this law, and divides "in blood of vessels" into four steps: collaterals and subcollaterals, meridian and vessels, shu, and deep-sited part of thoroughfare vessel. The transmission progress becomes more specific, and change "in bone marrow" to "outside intestines and stomach, but inside pleurodiaphragmatic space" , which broadens the disease position, and makes the direction on the clinical practice more practical.In addition to these, the progress and transmission of diseases discussed in Neijng also includes the regularity of Five-elements Generation and Restriction, the regularity of transmission among ZANG-FU-organs, the regularity of progress and transmission of diseases of Six Channels, and so on.The theory of progress and transmission of diseases develops in later ages. But the pathogenic transmission discussed in Neijing mainly refers to the transmission or metastasis of pathogenic factor(or pathogemetic qi) between different levels and different regions in an organism.