| The Swertia belongs in Gentianaceae.lt has about 154 species in the world, 79 species in China,about 35 species to be used for medicine ,20 species of medicinal plants can be found in Sichuan and Hubei provinces.,which are used for medicine in dried herbs.Their main functions are to clear heat,detoxify toxin,clear Liver,eliminate dampness and normalize the Gallbladder,for the treatment of Jaundice,blood urination,hot and painful strangury etc.In the traditional medicine of India and Japan,it is used as drugs bitter in taste to strengthen the stomach.The modern pharmacological studies show they have many biological activities.Some drugs have been registered in the drug standards of the nation and the local government.The medicinal resources produced in Sichuan and Hubei provinces are abundant,which account for over half of the whole country.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the botanic origin and research the macroscopic,microscopic and chemical characteristics of them.Its objective is to establish and improve the quality evaluation system in order to guide the exploitation and utilization for Swertia medicinal plants.The thesis is mainly discussing the wild surveying and identification of Swertia medicinal plants in Sichuan and Hubei provinces. The scanning electron microscope shows that the pollen grains of 12 species are all simple grain pollen. At the surface of the pollen grains there are three types of aperturates,including three porates type,three colpates type and three porate-colpates type;and four types of sculpture,namely, reticulate,striate,striate-reticulate and verrucate.The upper epidermal cells of the leaves of 12 species plants are detected with HPIAS-1000 image analytic system through the treatment of binarization,and the experimental methods are proved stable.The results indicated that the waviness of the anticlinal walls(SFC) and the ratio of the Feret's diameter(SLF) of the epidermal cells of the middle lamina in the third node of leaves starting from the lowerest part of the stemhave a relative constant range and could distinguish from each other.Oieanolic acid,l,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone and swertiamarin are separately detected on the TLC,and the different chromatogram of various plants can be considered as characters of identification.The contents of oleanolic acid in 12 species of plants are determinated by HPLC,but among the different plants and botanical organs their contents are different, and the highest content in flowers.The 15 compounds were isolated from the whole herbs of Swertia kouitchensis for the first time. By chemical and spectroscopic methods as UV, IR, EI-MS,'H-NMR, I3C-NMR and 2D-NMR, the structure of 10 compounds were elucidated. The 8 xanthones are l-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone , l,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyx-anthone, l,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone, l,8-dihydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxant-hone, l,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone, 1,3,5,8-tetrahydoxyxanthone, 1,5-dihy-droxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone, 8-0- D-glucopyranosyl -l,5-dihydroxy-3-metho-xyxanthone. The latter two compounds are Oleanolic acid, 3 -sitosterol and other five compounds will be determinated.In the process of the investigatim, the author discovered a new type which the three leaves in the main stem are all verticillate, its appearance are quite different from the others in Swertia genus. The results of RAPD (Random Amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis suggested it have obvious difference from the close relative species and it be a novel species.
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