Research On The Effectiveness And Path Of New Variety Rights Protection Policy In Promoting Plant Breeding Innovation

The seed industry is a basic industry in China,and its development is national strategic,and the development of the seed industry is also an important foundation for ensuring national food security and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.In the background of the vigorous development of modern agricultural science and technology,the number of new plant varieties has been increasing,but it is difficult for breeders to crack the problem of "free ride",which leads to the reduction of their own economic benefits and thus affects the development of seed industry innovation.To a certain extent,intellectual property protection can clarify property rights and provide policy guarantee for breeding innovation.As an important way of intellectual property protection,especially for plant breeding innovation,the new variety right protection policy,on the one hand,blocks imitation innovation and infringement and protects private interests,but on the other hand,it also increases R&D costs and leads to the loss of market efficiency.Therefore,whether the implementation of China’s new plant variety rights protection policy has a catalytic effect on plant breeding innovation and how its mechanism works are the issues that need to be clarified in order to fight a good turnaround of the seed industry in China.Through the channels of China Seed Industry Big Data Platform,China Crop Seed Industry Development Report and China Statistical Yearbook,based on the macro data of 30 regions in China from 1999 to 2020,this paper compares the development and current situation of crop new variety protection policy in time and space,quantifies and analyzes the current situation and deficiencies of breeding innovation,and combines qualitative and quantitative perspectives to explore the effect of new variety right protection policy on The effects and mechanisms of plant breeding innovation are explored from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives to provide theoretical and practical support for further deepening agricultural science and technology reform in China.First,this paper gives a basic overview of the current situation of plant breeding innovation,and sorts out the total number of applications for authorization,application subjects,and new plant variety categories,points out the problems and analyzes the reasons for their emergence,then sorts out the current situation and problems of new plant variety protection from three aspects: legislation,judiciary,and administrative enforcement;second,empirical methods are used to test the effect of new variety rights protection policies to promote plant breeding innovation,and the Differences in Differences method(DID)is used to investigate the effect of administrative enforcement policy of new plant variety rights,and the generalized moment estimation regression method(GMM)is used to investigate the effect of judicial enforcement policy of new plant variety rights.Third,the regional heterogeneity,species heterogeneity,and breeding subject heterogeneity of plant breeding innovation effects of plant new variety rights protection policies are investigated by constructing multiple regression equations.Forth,a mediation model is used to further explore the mechanism of the effect of new variety protection policies on the level of plant breeding innovation.Finally,summarizing the research results of this paper,there are the following conclusions:(1)the scientific and technological innovation capacity of the seed industry has reached a new high,but there is still a deficiency in the protection of new agricultural plant variety rights;(2)both administrative and judicial protection policies of new plant variety rights promote the innovation level of plant breeding,while foreign investment,agricultural production,government subsidies,and technology market transactions have positive effects on plant breeding innovation;(3)the effects of new variety protection policies are heterogeneous in terms of regions and breeding subjects,while breeding innovation product types are not heterogeneous under the influence of new variety rights protection system;(4)R&D personnel investment and R&D capital investment play a mediating effect between new variety rights protection policies and plant breeding innovation level.On the basis of the impact effect and mechanism of action of new variety rights protection policy,suggestions are made.First,improve the plant variety right system in terms of administrative enforcement and judicial protection,and safeguard the interests of variety right holders,provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities should formulate targeted policy measures according to local conditions,and at the same time pay attention to the construction of auxiliary systems to reduce the cost of rights protection and improve the innovation environment;second,transform the structure of breeding subjects,the organic integration of personnel,resources and technical advantages of scientific research units is needed,and the leading enterprises of independent innovation should be used as the support.Construction of basic science and technology innovation system,seed industry science and technology results trading platform and germplasm resources sharing platform to promote the overall improvement of the competitive ability of the seed industry.Third,establish scientific and technological incentive mechanism,combining universities,research institutions,enterprises tripartite resources to establish R& D manpower platform.Encourage the results of pay incentives way to link the innovative achievements of technical staff with personal rewards,renewing of breeding power.