The Capital Structure Of Commercial Banks In China Analysis Of The Impact On Liquidity Risk

Commercial banks occupy an important position in the domestic financial institutions,and have a crucial impact on maintaining the stability of the national economy.As commercial banks with monetary capital as the main operating object,they are more special than other financial institutions,and their existence and development are inevitably accompanied by liquidity risks.At the same time,the adjustment of capital structure has special significance for commercial banks,which not only restricts the development and innovation of commercial banks,but also restricts its ability to manage liquidity risks in a certain sense.With the reform and growth of the international financial market,the capital structure of China’s commercial banks is also facing the corresponding major changes,which will also become a very important opportunity to optimize the capital structure to improve the liquidity risk prevention and control ability and enhance the strength of commercial banks.This paper theoretically analyzes the action mechanism of capital structure change on bank liquidity risk,and on this basis,uses the fixed effect model of panel data to verify how capital structure affects the liquidity operation risk of commercial banks.The capital structure of this paper has three meanings: the financing structure,the ratio of debt capital and equity capital,the equity structure,the proportion of equity capital,the debt structure and the proportion of debt capital.When choosing the indicators to measure,the loan-to-deposit ratio is used to measure the liquidity risk,and then the macro impact on the liquidity risk of commercial banks is analyzed from the perspectives of financing structure,equity structure and debt structure.On this basis,the equity structure and debt structure are further studied.In terms of equity structure,the nature of different shareholders,the degree of concentration of equity and their interaction terms on liquidity risk are studied,and a non-linear analysis is made on the impact of the shareholding ratio of the largest shareholder on liquidity risk.In terms of the debt structure,the non-linear impact of the deposit-todebt ratio is also tested.According to empirical data analysis,high debt-equity ratio will increase liquidity risk in financing structure;From the perspective of equity structure,the liquidity risk of shareholder holding banks with different properties,namely,state-owned holding banks and other corporate holding banks will gradually decrease.The higher the equity concentration of banks controlled by state-owned enterprises,the greater the liquidity risk.The higher equity concentration of banks controlled by other entities is contrary to the result.In state-owned holding banks and other corporate holding banks,the largest shareholder has a non-linear effect on bank liquidity risk,forming a U-type relationship.In terms of debt structure,deposit ratio and bank liquidity risk also exist.Finally,through studying the comprehensive results of empirical data,this paper puts forward the corresponding policy opinions from the perspectives of financing structure,equity structure and debt structure.