A Study On The Impact Of Bird-watching Tourism On The Livelihoods Of Local Farmers In Poyang Lake Based On Community Participation

Under the background of ecological civilization,there are many protected areas in our country to promote and improve the livelihood capital of farmers by developing eco-tourism.The case study of Wucheng,an international migratory bird town,is in Poyang Lake’s national nature reserve,which is home to more than 95 percent of the world’s white crane and other rare birds every winter,however,the geographical location of the reserve is relatively remote,and its economy is relatively backward.With the strengthening of the policy for the protection of rare birds,the interests of community farmers in accessing natural resources inside and outside the reserve are limited,has brought certain influence to the peasant household livelihood.If we want to improve the living conditions and livelihood capital of farmers in the community,the development of bird-watching tourism will undoubtedly become a relatively effective way and means.This research will take the farmer’s livelihood as the research object,take the community participation theory and the sustainable livelihood theory as the theoretical foundation,by consulting relevant domestic and foreign materials,on-the-spot interviews and questionnaire research,the changes of livelihood capital of farmers before and after the development of bird-watching tourism,the degree of participation of farmers in bird-watching tourism,and the impact of bird-watching tourism on the livelihood of farmers were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods,the specific conclusions of the study are as follows:1.Before and after the development of bird-watching tourism,the quantity and structure of the five livelihood capital of community farmers have changed in different degrees.There was a small decline in Natural capital capital and a small increase in physical,social and human capital.It can be seen that bird-watching tourism does affect farmers’ access to natural resources,but with the development of bird-watching tourism,the total livelihood capital shows an upward trend.2.After the development of bird-watching tourism,the number of farmers participating in bird-watching tourism is relatively small,the results of a survey conducted in the context of the 2022 epidemic found that only 14.9 percent of farmers participated in bird-watching tourism,including migrant workers in scenic spots,farmers and specialty tour operators,among them,the proportion of migrant workers in tourist attractions is the largest,followed by farmers.3.In the analysis of the farmers who are engaged in the management of Nongjiale and the farmers who are not engaged in the management of nongjiale,it is found that the financial capital after the development of bird-watching tourism is not rising but falling,covid-19 has a great impact on the tourism industry,showing a declining trend in tourism revenue.As for non-farm operators,with the development of bird-watching tourism,the Natural capital has been limited.Due to the relatively low level of education,the psychological construction has not been opened up,also blindly engaged in the original restricted means of livelihood,resulting in the overall decline in the livelihood capital of such farmers.However,from the point of view of the total livelihood capital of farmers and non-farmers,the livelihood capital of farmers is much higher than that of non-farmers.It can be seen that with the development of bird-watching tourism,the livelihood of farmers has reached an improved state.Based on the above research,the development of bird-watching tourism will undoubtedly become a relatively effective way to improve the livelihood of farmers.In order to promote the local people to get rich,the government can start from the following aspects: community farmers to train ideological training,training“Master” consciousness,so that more farmers to participate in the cause of bird-watching tourism;Organize public welfare activities regularly to link farmers’ and tourists’ emotions,introduce professional team to train farmers’ skills in local communities;Increase the“International migratory bird town” all-round publicity and overall marketing ideas,as far as possible to enrich the diversity of tourism products and tourism service satisfaction.