Global Value Chain Position,technology Gap And China’s Technological Progress:Based On The Empirical Study Of Chinese And American Manufacturing Industry

The Global value chain(GVC)has changed the traditional trade pattern and become the new dominant feature of the world economy.Since its accession to the WTO,China has taken advantage of its demographic dividend and resource endowment to gradually embed itself in the GVC led by developed countries by means of processing trade.However,whether China’s embedding GVC can promote the level of technological development and narrow the technological gap with developed countries has become the focus of research.In view of this,this paper takes the manufacturing industry as an example to measure and compare the embedded position of China and the United States in the global value chain,and measures the industrial technology gap between China and the United States based on the position index of the global value chain.This paper measures and analyzes the technological progress of China’s manufacturing industry based on total factor productivity,and finally analyzes the influence of the technological gap between China and the United States based on GVC status index and participation index on the technological progress of China’s manufacturing industry.The research results show that: First,the technology gap between China and the United States based on GVC status index shows that the industries with a large technology gap between China and the United States are electrical and electronic machinery equipment manufacturing(C14),machinery manufacturing(C13),leather,fur,feather(velvet)and footwear industry(C05);Based on the GVC participation Index(Koopman et al.,2010),the calculation results show that the industries with a big gap in manufacturing technology between China and the United States are leather,fur,feather(velvet)and footwear industry(C05),textile and clothing manufacturing industry(C04),other manufacturing industries and resource recycling processing industry(C16).Second,the comprehensive technical efficiency results show that the overall technical level of China’s manufacturing industry is not high;The results of pure technical efficiency show that China’s manufacturing industry as a whole pays attention to the research and development of new products and new processes;The scale efficiency results show that most manufacturing industries in China improve their scale efficiency by expanding production scale and specialized division of labor,thus promoting technological progress.Third,the technology gap between China and the US based on GVC status index and GVC forward participation index can significantly improve manufacturing technology progress,and the larger the technology gap,the more it can promote China’s manufacturing technology progress.Fourth,because China is engaged in low-technology,low-value-added activities such as processing and assembly in the international division of labor,highend talents,advanced technology and other input factors are insufficient,and it has been captured and locked in the low-end link of GVC for a long time,so the technology gap between China and the United States based on the GVC backward participation index cannot promote technological progress.Fifth,industry Scale(Scale),industry export density(Open),investment in research and development(RD),capital intensity(Capd)are significantly negatively correlated with technological progress,while human capital(HC)is significantly positively correlated with technological progress.Human capital is an important factor promoting technological progress in China’s manufacturing industry.