The Impact Of Tourism Industry Agglomeration On Total Factor Productivity In Yunnan Province

The tourism industry includes many industries,among which the chain-like relationship between various industrial sectors is very complex,and has the characteristics of industrial linkage function.Because of its less load on the environment,it is also known as "green industry" or "smoke-free industry".As one of the strategic pillar industries of national economy,tourism is the key breakthrough point of industrial structure adjustment and industrial optimization and upgrading.Tourism is the livelihood industry and pillar industry of Yunnan Province,and also one of the industries with comparative advantages and development potential in the economic development of Yunnan.From the promulgation of the 13 th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Yunnan Tourism Industry by the provincial government in2016 to the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Culture and Tourism by the Provincial government in 2022,Yunnan aims to optimize the economic structure of tourism and transform the development mode of tourism,and strives to provide important support for the province’s economic development,scientific and technological innovation and improvement of management level.Yunnan Province will also focus on building more than 20 world-class tourist attractions and resorts around the goal of building world-class tourism products and destinations,further releasing and activating the development potential of tourism resources in Yunnan Province and making significant contributions to the prosperity of the provincial economy.Yunnan Province has abundant tourism resources,obvious geographical advantages,and rich ethnic exotic customs.The research on the degree of industrial agglomeration in the tourism industry of Yunnan Province and the promotion efficiency and influence mechanism of industrial agglomeration on total factor productivity will help to understand the specific tourism situation and current situation of Yunnan Province more clearly,and find practical and feasible methods for the high-quality development of tourism in Yunnan Province.This paper takes industrial agglomeration and total factor productivity as the indicators to evaluate the tourism industry in Yunnan Province,calculates and analyzes the industrial agglomeration and total factor productivity of the tourism industry in all states and cities in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2020,and discusses and analyzes the impact of industrial agglomeration on total factor productivity and its mechanism,and further discusses the regional differences,thus reaching the following main conclusions:The first is the measurement of tourism industry agglomeration level.In the sixteen cities and towns of Yunnan Province,the location entropy value of Lijiang,Xishuangbanna,Dali,Dehong and Diqing is greater than 1,indicating an obvious trend of tourism industry agglomeration.Among the six regions in Yunnan Province,northwest Yunnan,West Yunnan and Southwest Yunnan have a higher level of industrial agglomeration,which has shown a trend of industrial agglomeration.The second is the measurement of tourism total factor productivity.In this paper,panel data of 16 cities in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2020 are used to estimate the total factor productivity of tourism in Yunnan Province by input-oriented data envelopment analysis and dynamic efficiency analysis of Malmqiust index.It is estimated that the average growth rate of total factor productivity of Yunnan tourism is 6.0%.The growth rate of technical efficiency is 1.0%,and the growth rate of technological progress is 4.9%.This data indicates that technological progress has promoted the improvement of total factor productivity in Yunnan Province,indicating that technical efficiency needs to be further improved to make full use of existing technologies.The ranking of total factor productivity of each region in Yunnan Province from high to low is southeast Yunnan,southwest Yunnan,northwest Yunnan,northeast Yunnan,central Yunnan and West Yunnan.Further exploring the decomposition value of technical efficiency,it can be seen that from 2008 to 2020,the average increase of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of Yunnan Province is 0.5% and 0.6% respectively.It indicates that the scale economy formed by the development of tourism in Yunnan Province needs to be further strengthened.The third is the measurement of the influence degree of tourism industry agglomeration on its total factor productivity.In this paper,systematic moment estimation,least square method,fixed effect and instrumental variable method which can solve the endogenous problem are used to analyze the relationship between industrial agglomeration and total factor productivity as well as the technical progress and technical efficiency included in tourism.The following conclusions are drawn:tourism industry agglomeration has a positive impact on the improvement of total factor productivity,and the relationship between tourism industry agglomeration and total factor productivity presents an inverted U-shape,indicating that increasing tourism industry agglomeration level is one of the ways to improve the total factor productivity and the competitiveness of regional tourism industry.The influence of tourism industry agglomeration on total factor productivity also has regional differences,among which northwest Yunnan has the strongest effect,and southwest Yunnan has the second.Secondly,the influence of tourism industry agglomeration on the technical efficiency of each city in Yunnan Province is significantly positive and presents an inverted U-shape.The influence of tourism industry agglomeration on the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of each city in Yunnan Province is significant,showing an inverted U shape,and the influence on the pure technical efficiency is stronger than the scale efficiency.Finally,tourism industry agglomeration has a significant influence on the improvement of technological progress,and its influence trajectory presents an inverted U-shape,which is stronger than the influence on technical efficiency.It can be seen that in the process of the effect of tourism industry agglomeration on total factor productivity,it plays a dominant role in promoting technological progress.According to the research contents and conclusions of the above three aspects,this paper draws inspiration and suggestions on policy : the government should adhere to the direction of high-quality tourism development.According to the different regional resources and industrial development processes of Yunnan provinces and cities,it should scientifically do a good job in regional tourism planning,reasonably adjust the tourism structure,and formulate corresponding supervision and incentive mechanisms.Enterprises should combine advanced network information technology to optimize the operation mode,service mode,management structure,etc.of the tourism industry,improve the quality of their own products or services,create more distinctive products or services,and improve the operating efficiency of enterprises.