Analysis Of Maize Production Efficiency And Influencing Factors In Henan Province

Corn is one of the three main grains in China.At present,it has become the grain crop with the largest sowing area and output in China.Improving the comprehensive production capacity of corn plays an important role in meeting residents’ consumption and ensuring national food security.Corn,as the second largest grain crop in Henan Province,has a perennial planting area of more than 3 million hectares,accounting for 9%of the country’s area and total yield,with obvious regional advantages.However,since 2011,the per unit yield of corn in Henan Province has gradually been lower than the national average per unit yield level,which has the problem of low per unit yield level and large fluctuation.In this paper,the SBM model and Malmquist index in data envelopment analysis are used to compare and analyze the corn production efficiency of Henan Province from static and dynamic aspects respectively.The calculation results show that:in the static aspect,the production efficiency of Henan Province is only effective in 2011,and the production efficiency values in other years are less than 1.In terms of dynamics,the average total factor productivity of Maize in Henan Province in the past 10 years was 0.98,with a growth rate of-2%.Then using Tobit model,it is found that the main influencing factors of corn production efficiency in Henan Province are seed cost,amount of chemical fertilizer,disaster coefficient and corn sowing area.Through further analysis,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)from 2010 to 2019,the corn production efficiency in Henan Province was not high,did not reach the effective state,and showed a downward trend on the whole.From a static point of view,the low efficiency of maize production in Henan Province is mainly caused by the excessive investment of labor,pesticides and seeds.From a dynamic point of view,the total factor productivity of Maize in Henan Province shows a downward trend as a whole,which is mainly caused by low comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency and large fluctuations.(2)The input of seed fee per mu will significantly improve the production efficiency,because the increase of seed fee is mainly due to the improvement of seed quality,and the yield increase of seeds with better quality is more obvious.The input of chemical fertilizer per mu will significantly reduce the production efficiency of corn,which is mainly caused by the diminishing effect of marginal income caused by excessive input of chemical fertilizer.The increase of disaster coefficient will lead to the decline of production efficiency,because the occurrence of natural disasters will lead to the reduction of corn production.The increase of corn sowing area will lead to the decline of production efficiency,which is due to the large corn sowing area in Henan Province,which exceeds the best level of moderate scale management.In view of the problems existing in maize production in Henan Province,the following suggestions were put forward:accelerating the improvement of maize varieties;Control the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides;Increase investment in machinery;Improve the construction of farmland infrastructure;Optimize the layout of corn production.