Research On Operational Efficiency Measurement And Spatial Disequilibrium Of "Insurance + Futures"

"Insurance + futures",as an innovative way to avoid agricultural price risks,support agriculture and poverty alleviation,plays an important role in stabilizing agricultural production,increasing farmers’ income and boosting industrial poverty alleviation.The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the development of "insurance + futures".Since 2016,the "central No.1" document has been proposed for seven consecutive years to steadily expand and optimize the pilot of "insurance + futures".The development of China’s "insurance +futures" has experienced germination,ice breaking,comprehensive start and growth.It is urgent to systematically consider the operation efficiency of "insurance +futures",explore the spatial imbalance characteristics of "insurance + futures" efficiency,reveal and analyze the restriction problems and deep-seated reasons of "insurance + futures" operation efficiency,which will help to comprehensively,scientifically and objectively understand the development situation of "insurance +futures",improve the operation efficiency of "insurance + futures" and improve the spatial imbalance situation,so as to effectively play its role in stabilizing agricultural production Ensure the stable and increasing income of farmers.With the help of the Balanced Scorecard(BSC),this paper constructs the operation efficiency evaluation framework and evaluation index system of "insurance+ futures" from the four dimensions of economic benefit(direct effect),social benefit(indirect effect),development potential(adjusting measures to local conditions)and management performance(internal effect).Based on the panel data of "insurance +futures" of 23 provinces(cities and autonomous regions)in China from 2016 to 2019,first,DEA and Malmquist models are used to systematically measure the national The operation efficiency of "insurance + futures" at regional and provincial levels is further revealed based on gradient analysis,EDA data exploratory analysis method,CV variation coefficient and Boston matrix;Third,based on the fixed effect regression model,this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of the influencing factors of "insurance + futures" around five factors,such as inherent in agriculture,farmers themselves,market environment,government participation and technical basis.The study found that:(1)From 2016 to 2019,the operation efficiency of "insurance + futures" in China maintained a steady growth,but basically remained at a medium level,with an average comprehensive efficiency of 0.521.On the whole,the comprehensive efficiency of "insurance + futures" operation in 23 provinces in China generally does not achieve the optimal efficiency level.Except that Heilongjiang,Liaoning and Inner Mongolia are at a high level,the efficiency level of most provinces is medium or low.(2)From the perspective of the imbalance of operation efficiency between regions and between provinces within regions,the spatial imbalance of operation efficiency of "insurance + futures" in China is significant,and the imbalance between regions and between provinces within regions is expanding without convergence.On the whole,the five regions show the characteristics of obvious decline from north to middle to south.The reason is that inter regional differences are mainly due to the highlighting of inter provincial differences within the region,while inter provincial differences within the region mainly come from the imbalance of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.(3)Based on the Boston matrix of "insurance + futures" pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency,the non-equilibrium decomposition of "insurance + futures" operation efficiency is further found that the Northeast Agricultural developed areas and northwest frontier areas generally have high pure technical efficiency,and the pure technical efficiency is higher than the scale efficiency(except Guangxi),while the scale efficiency of North,central and East China agricultural provinces(except Shandong and Anhui)and southern hilly areas is lower,It shows that the operation efficiency of "insurance + futures" in these areas is due to the relatively low scale efficiency,resulting in the low comprehensive efficiency;The scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency of economically developed areas in Southeast China are low,resulting in low comprehensive efficiency.(4)By clarifying the impact mechanism of "insurance + futures" operation efficiency and further decomposition,it is found that on the one hand,the insufficient allocation of premium funds,the poor efficiency of project operation and management,the low probability of project compensation and the weak foundation of effective demand are the main factors that fail to achieve the optimal comprehensive efficiency level of "insurance + futures";On the other hand,the insufficient participation of local governments,the narrow coverage of "insurance+ futures" agricultural product futures varieties and the low degree of regional land scale(the development scale of new agricultural business entities and the organization degree of small farmers)are the main factors for the spatial imbalance of "insurance + futures" operation efficiency.In order to give full play to the income guarantee effect of "insurance + futures",we should not only improve the operation efficiency of "insurance + futures",but also take into account the balanced and coordinated development of "insurance + futures" regions.First,optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of "insurance + futures".Improving the financial subsidy system,broadening the source of premium funds is the premise,establishing a reasonable premium sharing mechanism,improving the sustainability of the project is the guarantee,constructing the whole chain of "insurance + futures",improving the income guarantee effect is to supplement and optimize the project contract design,improving the probability of project compensation is the starting point,increasing the publicity of policy public opinion,and stimulating the effective demand of farmers is the support;Second,optimize the spatial balance of the operation efficiency of "insurance + futures".The key is to enhance the sense of responsibility of local governments,increase the role of incentives and guidance,enrich the options of agricultural products,expand the coverage of projects,improve and vigorously cultivate new agricultural business entities,and consolidate the basis of project demand.