A Study On The Basic Rules Of The Post-war U.S. Trade Protection Policy And The Response Strategies Of Its Partner Countrie

After the end of World War Ⅱ,the world entered the Cold War pattern of confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union.In order to spread its influence in the capitalist world and exported excess capacity,the United States assisted Western Europe and Japan in economic construction and strongly promoted free trade policy in the capitalist world.However,in the 1970s,due to the outbreak of the oil crisis,the economic strength of the United States was relatively declining.At the same time,after more than 20 years of economic construction in Japan and Europe,the GDP and the ability to export to the United States continued to increase.American’s policy shifted from free trade to trade protectionism.The United States first provoked trade frictions with Japan because of the large trade deficit.The 30-year trade frictions eventually led to the stagnation of the Japanese economy.After the establishment of the European Community,Europe as a whole appeared on the world stage.Trade frictions between the United States and Europe broke out in the field of agricultural products many times,but both sides avoided escalating into a large-scale trade war.Therefore,cooperation between the United States and Europe is still the mainstay.At the same time,the United States also expanded bilateral trade with the Soviet Union in the 1970s.For the United States,its economic ties with the Soviet Union were more like a weapon,which aggravated the imbalance of the Soviet economic structure and accelerated the disintegration of the Soviet Union.After Trump took office,he announced that he would impose additional tariffs on Chinese goods exported to the United States on the grounds that the trade deficit was too large.The Chinese government announced retaliatory measures,and the trade friction between the two countries began.Although China has encountered more and more trade frictions after joining the WTO,it is the first time that such a large-scale trade friction has occurred.At the same time,the United States positions China as a strategic competitor,and trade frictions are bound to have a negative impact on China’s current economic construction,and may even interrupt China’s industrial upgrading process.Therefore,we can learn from Japan,Europe and the Soviet Union,in response to the United States.The experience and lessons of trade frictions have great theoretical and practical significance.This article intends to use an evolutionary game model to illustrate the strategies between the US and China in current US-China trade frictions by comparing the interdependence between the United States and its trading partners and the magnitude of the welfare loss after raising tariffs.The United States tends to adopt confrontational strategies and proactively provoke trade frictions.And China tends to adopt an easing strategy and actively seek common ground in the interests of both China and the United States to avoid continued escalation of trade frictions.This article compares several trade frictions initiated by the United States after the World War Ⅱ,and draws the following conclusions:Firstly,the intensity of trade friction depends on the degree of interdependence between the United States and its partner;secondly,the world economic development is not balance;thirdly,free trade is the game of the strong countries;fourthly,the process of economic globalization is irreversible.