A Multi-round Verification Scheme For Load Balancing Among Blockchain Shards

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology that integrates multiple technologies such as cryptographic algorithms,distributed data storage,and game consensus algorithms,featuring decentralization,trustlessness,and non-tampering.In 2014,after five years of amazingly stable operation of Bitcoin in a decentralized mode,the core technology behind it,Blockchain was revealed.Since then,blockchain technology has received more and more attention and has been rapidly applied to various fields.However,the early blockchain solutions implemented by traditional technologies are far from meeting the needs of practical applications,and the core technology of blockchain urgently needs innovation and breakthrough.Therefore,blockchain technology explorers have proposed multiple expansion plans such as sharding,sidechain,and state channel.Among them,the sharding technology is considered the most promising without reducing the degree of decentralization,effectively solving the scalability problem and realizing the large-scale application of blockchain technology.However,due to factors such as equipment and network environment,the nodes in the blockchain network have large performance differences.After they are randomly allocated to each shard,the verification performance of the nodes among each shard may vary greatly;at the same time,randomly allocated transactions may have an unbalanced load among various shards.As a result,individual shards may not be able to complete the verification of transactions in the shards in time due to too much load and weak verification capabilities of the nodes on the shard.At present,the problem of unbalanced load among shards has not been effectively solved in the global public chain.According to the allocation characteristics of nodes and transactions between shards,this paper analyzes the load imbalance between shards,and exploratively propose a multi-round verification scheme for load balancing among shards.After each round of verification,the remaining load is determined according to the number of unverified transactions in each shard,confirm the overload of individual shards,and then in the next round of verification,the verification node is adjusted to enhance the verification ability of the shards.After each transaction verification is completed,rating nodes based on their ability to verify transactions and according to the remaining load of each shard,adjust the node with higher performance to the shard with heavier load for the next round of verification,and then implement the balanced verification that the sharding processing capacity is continuously matched with the transaction load.This paper conducts simulation experiments in the laboratory environment,comparing the Multi-round Verification Elastico sharding scheme using the multi-round verification scheme of load balancing among shards in this article and the Elastico sharding scheme,from the four aspects of transaction verification rate,average block time,single shard transaction processing capacity and average transaction processing capacity.The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the transaction verification rate and the transaction processing capability of the blockchain system while ensuring the stability of the system,this verifies the rationality and feasibility of the scheme in this article.