Research On Apparent Defect Detection Of PC Components Based On Image Processing

The apparent defects of PC components not only affect the appearance of the surface,but also damage the structural performance and service life.At present,the way of manual defect detection is time-consuming and laborious.In high-span construction projects such as tunnels and bridges,the detection risk and difficulty increase with the complexity.Therefore,based on the background of the rapid development of prefabricated buildings and the emergence of the disadvantages of manual detection,a PC component apparent defect detection technology based on digital image processing is proposed to measure the characteristic parameters of PC component apparent cracks and hole defects.On the one hand,this technology can solve the problem of inconvenient manual detection,on the other hand,it provides an important analysis basis for PC component apparent quality evaluation and structural performance monitoring.Through theoretical study and research,this paper completes the following work:(1)Firstly,through literature review and theoretical study,this paper combs the research status of using image processing technology to detect the apparent defects of PC components at home and abroad,and determines that the main research object of this paper is the cracks and holes in the apparent defects of PC components.The specific defect characteristic parameters include crack trend,width and length,as well as the number,area and density of holes.(2)According to the characteristics of PC component apparent defect image,formulate corresponding research methods and technical routes,and then use highresolution image acquisition equipment to obtain the PC component apparent crack and hole defect image,transmit it to the computer,convert the defect color image into gray image,and then carry out image processing operations such as filtering and noise reduction,image segmentation and morphology,At the same time,the working principle and algorithms of various image processing technologies are studied,and the algorithm is improved and optimized by comparing the processing effect of defect image,so as to improve the overall quality of defect image and make defect image more conducive to computer detection and calculation.(3)In order to quantify the characteristic parameters of apparent defects,the corresponding calculation methods are designed according to the characteristic parameters of cracks and holes,so as to calculate the trend,width and length of cracks,as well as the number,area and density of holes.By studying the conversion method between the designed pixel measurement unit and the actual metric measurement unit,the measurement unit of defect characteristic parameters is converted from pixel unit to actual unit.(4)Based on the GUI function program in MATLAB software,the research and improvement of image processing function,the coding of defect characteristic parameter measurement and measurement unit conversion,and the layout of operation interface are carried out,so as to complete the design of PC component apparent defect detection system.Finally,a PC component apparent defect detection system based on image processing is designed.In this system,the crack and hole defects can be processed,and the characteristic parameters of the two defects can be calculated and queried.The detection results obtained by the operation of the system are compared with the actual results,in which the recognition rate of crack direction and number of holes is 100%,the detection accuracy of crack length is 97.33%,the detection accuracy of width is 93.13%,and the detection accuracy of hole area is 96.94%.Therefore,the system has certain practical significance in engineering detection,but there are still measurement errors.Therefore,based on the causes of errors and the lack of automation and intelligence of the system,Further clarify the future research direction.