A Survey Of High School Students' Attitudes Toward Anomalies In Chemistry Experiment

Chemistry is a science based on experiments,and experiments are the basis for the formation and development of chemical science.However,anomalous phenomena often appear in the process of chemical experiments."Anomalous phenomenon" not only caused "trouble" to the experiment,but also played an important role in the history of chemical development.In 2017,a new chemistry curriculum standard was put forward,and it was revised in 2020.In the core literacy of these two editions,it is proposed to cultivate students’ scientific inquiry and innovation consciousness by experiment.Literacy 4: The level of scientific inquiry and innovation consciousness 4: can reflect on "anomalous" phenomena and existing conclusions in experiments,put forward questions and new experimental ideas,and further put them into practice.However,"anomalous phenomena in experiments" are not explained in these two editions of chemistry curriculum standards.What are its specific concepts,what are the causes,and what are the attitudes of teachers and students towards them? This study aims to clarify these issues in order to provide suggestions or guidance for teachers’ teaching and students’ learning.First of all,by consulting relevant materials,collecting and sorting out the literature related to chemical experimental anomalies,under the guidance of experts,the research tools and research plans are determined,and the interview outline of university teachers,interview outline of senior high school teachers,questionnaire of senior high school students and experimental plan of senior high school students are compiled.Then,the program is implemented,and university teachers and senior high school teachers are interviewed to get their views on the anomalies of chemical experiments,and students’ attitudes towards the anomalies of chemical experiments are explored by experiments and questionnaires.Finally,the transcripts of interviews,questionnaires and experimental results are sorted out and analyzed.By analyzing transcripts of interviews of university teachers,the concepts and causes of chemical experimental anomalies are extracted.By analyzing interview outlines of senior high school teachers,the attitudes of senior high school teachers towards chemical experimental anomalies are obtained.By analyzing questionnaire data and experimental data,the attitudes of senior high school students towards chemical experimental anomalies are obtained.This study defines the concept of anomalous phenomena in chemical experiments as:unexpected phenomena in the process of chemical experiments and results different from scientific expectations;Differences between experimental phenomena observed or experimental results obtained by different experimenters or experimental groups;Five kinds of factors that cause anomalous phenomena in chemical experiments are determined: drugs,reaction equipment,reaction mechanism,reaction time and artificial operation;Through interviews,it is found that university teachers and senior high school teachers have a very positive attitude towards the anomalous phenomena in chemical experiments.88.89% of the students who answered the questionnaire held a positive attitude towards the anomalous phenomena in chemical experiments,and the effective data from the experimental survey accounted for 78.18%,which showed that senior high school students were generally active in facing the anomalous phenomena in chemical experiments,but only some students held negative attitudes.