| With the development of sensing and communication technology,the ocean has also been included in the scope of information monitoring.By deploying sensor nodes,researchers can grasp the changes of the ocean at any time.In recent years,with the deepening of research,the functions of underwater acoustic sensor networks have become more and more complex,the number of nodes has become more and more,the distribution of nodes has become more and more extensive,and the requirements for communication stability have become higher and higher.It is difficult for network models and protocol algorithms to adapt to these new demands.Therefore,in the distributed network scenario,an efficient networking protocol is proposed,and a corresponding security protocol is proposed to achieve security authentication.The main work and innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)The research background and research status of underwater sensor networks at home and abroad are expounded.The common topology,application scenarios and protocol frameworks of underwater acoustic networks are analyzed,and the application scenarios of underwater sensor networks are discussed.The current MAC protocol and routing protocol are described in principle,and the network performance is analyzed.At present,the threats and requirements of underwater acoustic network security are summarized and analyzed in terms of key management and security authentication.(2)A set of underwater acoustic network simulation platform UANS is designed for the system simulation and performance testing of the actual underwater acoustic sensor network.According to the practical application,the simulation platform is abstracted into node module,channel server module and display and control module,and the four-layer protocol architecture of the node module is designed based on the embedded system;the broadcast,attenuation,collision,half-duplex,etc.of the simulated physical channel are realized.Features: Realize forwarding confirmation,timeout retransmission,flow control and other mechanisms at the simulated data link layer and various classic MAC protocols;realize the simulation routing layer routing establishment,route query,forwarding control,security authentication and other mechanisms.(3)According to the actual deployment characteristics of underwater sensor nodes with narrow available channel bandwidth,wide coverage and long deployment time,a sequential networking protocol SNFS based on flood suppression is proposed,which solves the problems caused by centralized networking.Channel blocking problem.The SNFS protocol adopts the networking strategy of deploying first and networking first,and actively reduces the information collision by dispersing the network load;using the event-driven routing update idea,the discovery threshold DT and the key routing flag CR are designed to actively reduce the risk of routing flooding.frequency to reduce routing update overhead.Through comparative experiments,the performance of this protocol is analyzed from the aspects of network scale,networking time,protocol overhead,etc.,and it is verified that the scheme is suitable for the networking of large-scale underwater acoustic networks.(4)Aiming at the node security problem of underwater acoustic network,a security authentication scheme based on the combination of ECDH and hash algorithm is proposed to confirm the legitimacy of the node identity and the authenticity of the message.This scheme designs four security authentication modules,including single-point-to-single-point identity authentication and key exchange,single-point-to-multipoint group key exchange,key management and update,mobile node authentication and migration,etc.End-to-end,broadcast authentication and encryption services;propose negotiated group keys,avoid group key updates due to new nodes joining,topology changes,etc.,and reduce protocol overhead.Through security and performance analysis,this scheme realizes security features such as authentication service,data confidentiality,data integrity,non-repudiation and anti-capture,and reduces the protocol overhead caused by node movement. |
