Research On The Construction Of Sports Ability Evaluating Indicators Of Preschool Children

Children ’s health is an important cornerstone of national health.The " Healthy China 2030 " Plan Outline clearly proposes the implementation of a healthy children ’s plan.Children ’s physical health is affected by their level of athletic ability.The improvement of preschool children ’s motor ability needs the guidance and supervision of relevant standards or evaluation systems.In 2022,the Ministry of Education promulgated the " Guidelines for the Quality Assessment of Kindergarten Care Education," which is guided by the guiding ideology of " implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue,following the development law and education law of preschool children,improving the quality assessment system of preschool education oriented to promoting the physical and mental health development of preschool children,and effectively reversing the unscientific assessment orientation." Therefore,it is particularly important to construct a scientific evaluation index system for preschool children ’s athletic ability.However,the current research on the evaluation of preschool children ’s athletic ability is more based on the specific indicators of preschool children ’s basic motor skills assessment as the research object or tool,but there is little research on how to apply movements and improve comprehensive application ability.The study of preschool children ’s athletic ability as a comprehensive performance to construct an index system has almost never been involved.Therefore,it is of great theoretical significance and practical guiding value to construct the evaluation index system of preschool children ’s athletic ability.This study starts from the theoretical basis and principles of the evaluation index of preschool children ’s athletic ability,and expounds the theoretical basis of the dimension of athletic ability.Secondly,combined with the connotation and constituent elements of sports ability,consult relevant books and materials,etc.,sort out the evaluation indicators of preschool children ’s sports ability and the goals in sports courses.Furthermore,the questionnaire of front-line teachers in kindergartens was used to explore the confirmatory factor analysis,and the evaluation index system of preschool children ’s athletic ability was preliminarily formulated.Finally,the index is further optimized by combining Delphi method and rank sum analysis method.The main conclusions are as follows :1.Based on the theory of embodied cognition and ability literacy model,combined with the connotation,elements and principles of sports ability,the first-level dimension of preschool children ’s sports ability is finally determined as action development,sports quality and sports cognition.Then,through text and investigation,project analysis,exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis,the evaluation index system of preschool children ’s sports ability is finally determined,which includes three dimensions : action development,sports cognition and sports quality.Among them,the’ action development ’ dimension includes three second-level indicators of mobile action,manipulative action and non-mobile action,as well as 13 third-level indicators of running,one-foot jump,climbing,forward jump,standing long jump,throwing,catching,kicking,in-situ shooting,painting,chopsticks,rotation and balance.The dimension of ’ sports cognition ’ includes three second-level indicators of safety risk awareness,spatial cognition and rule awareness,and five third-level indicators of judging environmental risk,avoiding dangerous environment,help-seeking awareness,spatial perception and compliance with rules.The three second-level indicators of action knowledge,exercise load and material use need to be deleted due to the unreasonable dimensions of exploration and confirmatory factor analysis.However,through the related research and the actual exercise status of children,it is found that these three play an important role in preschool children ’s exercise and improvement of exercise ability,so this study suggests that they should be retained.The dimension of ’sports quality ’ includes five second-level indicators : willpower,initiative,cooperation,innovation and reflection,and 14 third-level indicators : independence,persistence,decisiveness,consciousness,trying new challenges,active interaction with others,communication,understanding and help,responsibility,novel ways,playing game roles,using body parts,describing sports process and migrating sports experience.2.The preliminary construction of the evaluation index system of preschool children ’s sports ability was revised by two rounds of Delphi method,and the indexes were screened and modified under the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.The results showed that there was no significant change in the first and second level indexes,and the third level indexes were deleted.3.Using the rank sum ratio method to calculate and discuss the weight index of all levels of indicators,the weight of the three first-level dimensions is : action development(0.5)> exercise quality(0.27)> exercise cognition(0.23);the weight ratio in the ’ action development ’ dimension is ranked as mobile action(0.47)>manipulative action(0.32)> non-mobile action(0.21);the order of weight ratio in the dimension of sports quality is initiative(0.30)> willpower(0.27)> innovation(0.17)> cooperation(0.16)> reflection(0.10).The weight ratio in the ’ sports cognition ’ dimension is ranked as safety risk awareness(0.47)> rule awareness(0.33)> spatial cognition(0.20).4.Through literature review and analysis,this paper expounds the suitability of preschool children ’s sports ability evaluation index in different age groups.The action requirements of each index in the action development dimension are increasing year by year.In the dimension of sports cognition,’ safety risk awareness ’ needs to be focused on in small classes of preschool children.’ Spatial cognition ’ has developed at the age of 3-4,while ’ rule awareness ’ has gradually developed at the age of 4-5.In the dimension of exercise quality,the attention of ’ initiative ’ began at the age of 3-4 years old,the description of exercise process in ’ willpower ’,’ cooperation ’ and ’ reflection ’began to pay attention at the age of 5-6 years old,and the exercise quality of ’ innovation’ and ’ migration experience ’ should focus on the development of preschool children aged 5-6 years old.Finally,the shortcomings of this study and the prospect of follow-up research are put forward in order to provide help for improving the athletic ability of preschool children and effectively promote the healthy development of preschool children ’s physique.