Analysis Of Biomechanical Characteristics And Correlation Of The Hip And Knee Joints In College Basketball Players During The Single Leg Drop Jump

Objective: Based on the motor chain theory,the movement of each lower limb joint is affected by the adjacent joints.As the central link of the lower limb motor chain,the neuromuscular control ability of the proximal link has a greater impact on the stability and injury of the knee joint.By analyzing the biomechanical characteristics and correlation of hip and knee joints of male and female athletes in the single leg drop jump,this study explores the gender differences in lower limb kinematics and dynamics of male and female basketball players in deep jump,providing theoretical basis for scientific training and reducing the risk of sports injury.Methods: In this study,25 male and 25 female second-level basketball players from Inner Mongolia Normal University were selected.Qualysis motion capture and analysis system,Visual 3D software and Bertec 3D force measuring table were used to simultaneously collect the kinematic and dynamic data of the landing stage during the participants’ the single leg drop jump(dominant leg)from a height of 40 cm.The landing stage was divided into cushioning stage and thrusting stage,and the moment of foot contact with the ground,the moment of peak knee flexion Angle and the moment of foot departure from the ground were set as P1,P2 and P3 respectively.Independent sample t test,Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis were used to analyze the difference and correlation between the biomechanical characteristics of the hip and knee joints of male and female basketball players during deep jump.Results: 1)For kinematics,at P1 moment,the hip abduction Angle of male basketball players was significantly greater than that of female basketball players(P < 0.01);There was significant gender difference in the Angle of adduction and abduction of knee joint in basketball players(P < 0.01).The external rotation Angle of male basketball players was significantly higher than that of female basketball players(P < 0.05).At P2 moment,there was significant gender difference in hip adduction and abduction Angle of basketball players(P < 0.01).In the cushioning stage,the coronal Angle of hip joint in female basketball players was significantly greater than that in male basketball players(P < 0.05).At P3 moment,the hip flexion Angle of female basketball players was significantly greater than that of male basketball players(P < 0.05).There was significant gender difference in the Angle of internal and external rotation of hip joint in basketball players(P < 0.05).There were significant gender differences in knee flexion and extension angles of basketball players(P < 0.01).The changes of sagittal plane Angle of hip joint(P < 0.05),horizontal plane Angle of hip joint(P < 0.01)and sagittal plane Angle of knee joint(P < 0.01)of male basketball players were significantly greater than those of female basketball players.The hip joint motion amplitude(P < 0.01)and knee joint motion amplitude(P < 0.05)of male basketball players were significantly higher than those of female basketball players.2)For the dynamics,at P1 moment,the knee extension power(P <0.01),hip extension moment(P < 0.01)and knee flexion moment(P <0.05)of female basketball players were significantly greater than those of male basketball players.At P2 moment,the knee valgus moment of female basketball players was significantly greater than that of male basketball players(P < 0.05).At P3 moment,the knee flexion moment of male basketball players was significantly greater than that of female basketball players(P < 0.01).3)In the buffer stage,the peak knee flexion Angle of male and female basketball players was positively correlated with the sagittal plane Angle of hip joint(r male =0.495,P < 0.05),(r female =0.682,P < 0.01);In both male and female basketball players,the variation of sagittal plane Angle of knee was positively correlated with that of hip joint(r male=0.590,r female =0.752,P < 0.01).In the extension stage,the variation of sagittal plane Angle of knee was positively correlated with that of sagittal plane Angle of hip joint(r male =0.397,P < 0.05).The variation of sagittal plane Angle of knee was positively correlated with the variation of sagittal plane Angle of hip joint(r female =0.753,P < 0.01),coronal plane Angle of hip joint(r female =0.398,P < 0.05)and horizontal plane Angle of hip joint(r female =0.429,P < 0.05),respectively.The horizontal Angle of knee joint was positively correlated with that of hip joint in female basketball players(r =0.474,P < 0.05).Conclusions:1.Both male and female basketball players show a smaller knee flexion Angle when landing in a deep jump on one leg,and compared with male basketball players,female basketball players are more likely to have knee ectropion,thus increasing the ACL load and injury risk.2.Compared with male basketball players,the knee flexion moment and knee extension power of female basketball players are both larger during the one-leg deep jump landing,indicating that female basketball players are more inclined to take the quadriceps as the dominant mode of lower limb muscle activation,which will reduce the stability of the knee joint.3.In the process of one-leg deep jump,compared with female basketball players,the motion amplitude of the hip and knee joint of male basketball players is significantly larger,indicating that the impact load of the lower limb of male basketball players is larger in the whole process of deep jump.4.In the process of one-leg deep jump,the knee joint and hip joint of basketball players have consistent movements on the sagittal plane in terms of cushioning ground impact force and obtaining vertical extension speed.Compared with male basketball players,female basketball players need hip joint cushioning strategy and posture regulation strategy more.